Mind control via electronic manipulation

Are Cell Phone Towers HAARP Stations In Disguise?

The forum started getting shilled by people posting about orgone after the cell phone tower/harp/weather modification/mind control article. They vanished for a while but and after the Syria nuke report and a few other posts, they are back.

Mind control via electronic manipulation

Because mind control is a classified topic, it is impossible to nail the subject dead on. However, this article was revealing enough to have created a very strong response from the powers that be. I will soon post an updated video which better explains how Windows 7 and the new LCD display chipsets may be configured for mind control.

This article is getting repeatedly hacked. That should say how important it is. If you see any stupid looking “mistakes” check back later because that is the form the hacks are taking. Joe Vialls died while in the process of producing a report like this, and I would bet this is somewhere close to where he was going to take this topic.

This article received a MAJOR update on Thursday, June 14, 2011.

The brain is a computer, and like a computer it has a clock frequency that all thoughts, your existence, is centered around. This is a little basic because your brain in reality has multiple simultaneous clock frequencies which interact with each other and serve different purposes for biological function, whereas a microprocessor normally has only one central clock that everything in it synchronizes with. For example, your visual cortex may process at a different frequency than the section of your brain which regulates your heart beat. Feelings and thoughts will run at another frequency.

Because your brain is an ultra parallel computer, it can accomplish a lot while using frequencies that are far lower than would be practical in a microprocessor, and these frequencies are in the ELF (extended low frequency) range.

The fact that your brain operates on frequencies leaves it open to manipulation via electronic means. Since different moods are reflected by different frequencies, it is possible to electronically force people to be relaxed when they should be angry, laugh when they should be appalled, and give loyalty when they should rebel. There are a number of ways that this can be accomplished, and this report will touch on a few of them.

The switch to digital television was un precedented, rapid, and illegal. It was a direct violation of long established standards regulation, which, by the book, required backwards compatibility with legacy devices. It was illegal because it FORCED stations to change format, whether they wanted to or not. Television was not the same as computers, where standards can change in a day and be perfectly legal, because television utilized the electromagnetic spectrum – VHF and UHF, and there were long standing laws in place which clearly stated that there would be no forced changes permitted with regard to how the well established radio frequency bands were used. IF a station, under its own free will CHOSE to start broadcasting digital only, that was up to them, and would have been permitted. The illegal aspect of the switch was the fact that it was forced on everyone, wanted or not.

And “they” had a reason.

For background, I suggest you read a brilliant article by Joe Vialls that is preserved on this site. In it, he shows a device Hollywood used to manipulate people’s response to what was being broadcast over analog television. But the NTSC signal, which all standard definition televisions operated on, really was an ultra stable and hard to manipulate signal standard. This made analog manipulation of people’s psychological responses to what was on the screen difficult to achieve in a perfectly uniform fashion. Televisions were designed to reject spurious modulations in the signal, so depending upon each television receiver’s differences, you got a different level of effectiveness.

This would not do well enough to subdue the population during the final crush of America. They HAD TO get the switch to digital, where things could be manipulated with perfect and predictable digital accuracy. And I have caught them at it, and will tell you how to as well.

The method -

Vialls believed that they would manipulate public response by getting the correct color flicker at random places on the screen, and he died before they forced the switch to digital television. As it turned out in reality, that is not entirely how they are doing it. Instead, if you look closely at any mid tone area on the screen (an area that is not totally white or totally black, and this will move around the screen depending upon the scene) you will notice a snow effect, which on average makes a perfect picture, but the picture itself is really in fact a subtly modulated “snow storm” where the “snow” always takes upon itself the color of whatever the image is supposed to be in that spot. Gray areas are by far the best place to look for this. The snow will be moving and modulating and circling at the frequency that triggers whatever feeling they want you to have for whatever is on the screen. Keep in mind that there should be NO SUCH THING AS SNOW IN A DIGITAL PICTURE, yet it is there.

It is not in all broadcasts. I suggest you observe the screen during any program where they are bragging about being Jewish, are pushing a gay agenda, or are airing a political topic – especially campaign ads and politically weighted news. Anything of a political nature.

How to observe the screen -

The effect is not obvious. You have to get tricky to see it. So go beneath the TV, up very close to it, at an angle where the picture does not show right. You have to be able to see the sub tones only. And THEN you will see the snow. Computers will do the color shift as well. Take your (LCD) computer screen, for practice before trying it on a big clumsy LCD television, and tilt the screen back until you see a shift in the way the colors are displayed. Many of you have already noticed this. It is at that angle you have to look at the TV, from below and not the side. This will not work on a plasma TV. But on an LCD tv, you will see what I am talking about. Windows 7 will also create and modulate a similar “snow” on computer screens, even in a still picture or desktop image. This is something new, I have always had the latest and greatest computers, and this weird effect only showed up with Windows 7. It is creepy.

And I have now learned exactly what that effect is from. It is something I never expected.

Back in 2004, technology was more advanced than it is now. Therefore, my Toshiba laptop I had back then had a better screen, with full 24 bit color resolution, which featured 8 bit color for each of the color channels. This enabled it to display 16.7 million colors, and as a result there was no need for an early 1990′s technology called dithering to be used to prevent the screen from pixelation due to lack of ability to display a separate color for each pixel. Dithering is a random scattering or movement of pixels to simulate the presence of a greater ability to display color.

But when Windows 7 came out, all of a sudden we forgot how to make a good display, and instead of advancing on to 12 bits per color channel (which would have made 36 bit color instead of the 24 bit color we had in the late 90′s,) we had to step backwards to six bits per color channel because we just could not produce a video chip for an LCD screen that was capable of doing it anymore. Damn those public schools. But wait, China is advancing, so that cannot be it. That ends the sarcasm.

Folks, they sabotaged the screens. Now we are eating trash. Lots of people have noticed and there is a very good reason for them to have sabotaged the screens. Keep in mind that this sabotage coincided precisely with the release of Windows 7 and the forced switch to digital television, which was totally illegal in the way it was carried out. This sabotage gave them a “reason” to put a modulation effect called dithering into every computer display, an effect which can no doubt be used for mind control.

I am going to show you a little math. I will keep it simple and not do any binary (even though that is simple if you just sit down and rationalize it out). But since everyone reading this understands base 10, I will do the math in base 10, and you will just have to trust my knowledge of binary.

8 bits of binary will represent 255 different values, plus zero, for a total of 256, including zero. Six bits of binary can represent 63 different numeric values, plus zero, for a total of 64. So by dropping the displays from 8 color bits per channel to 6 color bits per channel, they took a display that was capable of 256X256X256 colors, for a total of 16.7 million colors, and made it into a display that was capable of 64x64x64 colors, for a total of 262,000 colors. For the most part, the most basic of all displays nowadays has a resolution of 1366X768. 1366 X 768 = 1,049,000 pixels. So the most basic of all monitors on the market now, with six bit color depth, can only display 1/4th of the needed colors for it’s resolution. This means you HAVE TO modulate the pixels with dithering, especially on a nice screen which displays at 1920X1080, which equals 2,073,000 pixels or you will get a blotchy or grainy off colored look to any color picture displayed on the screen.

Why would they willfully choose to have all displays take a quantum leap backwards (in this case approximately 12 years) when there was no feasible economic reason to do it? LCD technology is old now, there is no reason to be stuck in the last century with it, unless, of course, you wanted to make an EXCUSE and provide a VENUE through which a mind control effect could be added to any online content or offline program. Digital television provided them with a way to bypass the NTSC limitations and lunge forward with full on mind control embedded in a picture, and having a computer be a refuge from this simply would not do. Now we have irritating noisy screens, and there is no rational reasonable explanation for it other than clandestine intent. And it is interesting that the new Mac Books do not do it, only PC computers do. Why?. Ask Microsoft.

Two years ago we had 8 bit color depth per channel. Now we have 6 bit color depth per channel. And there are three channels. Three channels with six bits of color depth each = 666, and that’s just perfect for the luciferian cabal in power, at the Bilderberg conference where what the little people are going to have gets decided on. Want to know what REALLY CAME OUT OF BILDERBERG? It’s six bit per channel color depth, when public choice, the true free market, would have driven it upward to 12 instead of downwards. And why? It’s because it gave them a plausible explanation for the modulations on the screen that many would notice, and some GEEK would just stand up and say, OH, don’t worry, it’s just DITHERING. And with that big word as an explanation, everyone would just shut up. Shut up and forget about the 80′s and 90′s, where it would have actually been needed. And if anyone wants to argue this I suggest first grabbing a Windows XP laptop and try to find this effect. Try to find it on a 10 year old laptop. That ought to make you wish for the good old days.

Nowadays, your “urgent windows update” could be nothing but a new dithering algorithm that is based upon your psychiatric “needs” as defined by an elite few, a decision based upon what you read, surf, write . . . . . . . .

I am going to post an updated version of the previous video, which explains this, but I have to finish it first

Other things to look for – They can also simply flicker the entire screen in a subtle way (this would be with a TV only because with a computer it would be too obvious). To observe this, turn off all the lights and leave the room the television is in, and while able to see into the room the television is playing in, but not able to see the TV itself, turn to the side and observe the light coming from the TV with your peripheral vision, which is sensitive to flickering. If they are modulating the entire screen, you should be able to see it this way, and it will be a very rapid and even flicker, like a fast strobe. I would expect this to not be as commonly used, but used sparingly when it is needed most to form public opinion, like after a terror attack. Obviously strobing the entire screen is more effective than the snow approach, but it is also a lot riskier. Fortunately for them, during emotional times like after 911, people are very unlikely to notice because they are too caught up in the event.

There is something fishy with the cell towers

Beyond a doubt, the cell towers in America are NOT what we have been told they are.

A reader sent me this: . . . . .“Jim, Years ago I owned a telecommunication and underground utilities construction company, and many of the contracts involved bringing electricity, fiber optics, etc to underground bases in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, California, and Texas.

I had to go through a lot of background investigations and sign documents saying I would not divulge where I “my company” was bringing these utilities to.

My company also erected many cell towers, and I always wondered why they had us bring so much electrical power to these cell towers.

Later, the Army Corps of Engineers would install frequency amplifiers connected with HXXrp. (editor’s note, HXXrp is a communications protocol I heard about at the NSA. I tried googling it to no avail, all that comes up is coincidence hits.) I believe they can control the weather. Also, all of us have a frequency pattern we emit and these cell and wifi towers can interfere with those frequencies.” . . . . .

I can just visualize Physicist bob, rolling his eyes as he read that about the cell towers affecting people. After all, Cell towers operate in the Ghz range, and clearly the brain cannot interface with THAT high of a frequency. But to that end, Physicist Bob is a lot like idiot Joe.

How a Ghz signal can be used to interface directly with the brain

All frequencies have a penetration depth, and typically, in water, you will hit 100 percent attenuation at one half wavelength. For a 1 GHZ signal, this will be approximately 7 inches. Most people will write that when microwaves hit water they turn into heat. But there is another step, that description is too simplistic. In reality, when any electromagnetic wave gets absorbed into a conductive medium, it does so by turning into electricity, which shorts itself out in the conductive medium, and the resulting current flow is what causes the heating. A radio antenna is tuned to approximate the frequency that is most expected and therefore rather than short out within itself, it passes the frequencies to the tuner amplifier.

So now we know how an electric current can be induced into the brain via a 1 GHZ radio signal, which will fully absorb at a depth of approximately 7 inches. Obviously then, higher frequencies with shorter wavelengths can be used, because you do not need 7 inches of penetration depth. For practical application, the frequency range is between 500 MHZ and 3 GHZ.

We have not yet answered the question of how such a high frequency can interface with the brain. It cannot. However, there are different types of modulation you can put on a wave form, and the two most common are AM and FM. For the purpose of interfacing with the brain, we will be discussing AM.

Amplitude modulation involves the use of a fixed frequency wave form called a carrier, which has its intensity increased and decreased. An amplitude modulated wave form appears to change it’s height on an oscilloscope while maintaining it’s frequency. If you have a very low frequency AM modulation on a high frequency carrier you can watch the amplitude of the carrier go to max on an oscilloscope, and then drop, all the way to flatline before returning to maximum if the modulation is strong enough and the modulating frequency is low enough to not just look like a blur.

So earlier, I established how you can use a radio wave to deliver electricity. Now, take that ghz wave form from a cell tower, which will penetrate approximately seven inches into the skull and put unintelligible high frequency electricity there, and modulate that unintelligible frequency with an ELF frequency the brain can interface with. Bam – o, you get cell phone tower induced mind control. And it’s a piece of cake, it works better than any other method, you see,

If you transmit an ELF wave form by itself, it will need a many miles long antenna to pick it up properly, it will not interface with the body very well because your body is not a big enough antenna for the ELF wave to efficiently “short out” in. You would need a really intense signal to do anything. But if you can take that ELF frequency and use it to modulate a super high frequency carrier, that carrier will drop all of it’s energy directly into your skull, and let the modulation of that energy do the rest. Of course, there are other factors, like a single side or asymmetric carrier, but to avoid getting too complex I have said enough here to give you the idea and certainly enough to put an evil genius on the right path.

The following video [ no longer available] shows this being done to some test monkeys a little way in. Obviously in this case, the power levels are very high. Unfortunately the video has a bit of a crazy aspect to it, and it is very outdated, which is to be expected with anything of this nature that is actually allowed to stay online.

Now onto WHY ON EARTH American cell towers have so much juice going to them.

This is a serious topic.

In America, computer wifi is limited to 20 milliwatts transmit power and often even with that tiny amount you can connect from hundreds of feet away with no special antennas or hardware. Your cell phone can transmit 300 milliwatts. That’s well over 10 times the power, and the range of your cell phone is that much better. All that is needed to make a great cellular node is a 10 watt transmitter (to make sure it gets real good penetration into the surrounding buildings,) and a receiver that is more sensitive than the one in your cell phone because you are talking back with a lot less than 10 watts.

10 watts is 500 times as strong as your wireless N router that comes in perfect everywhere. A lucky neighbor might snag your unsecured router with only 20 milliwatts of output from over a block away with just a cheap netbook. Why then, since 10 watts will clearly do the job, are there these ENORMOUS out in the open giant goose invading “cell towers” in America that are obviously capable of pumping many thousands of watts?

It’s because the cell towers in America have a totally different purpose than stated. Sure, the tower does indeed accomplish the job of supporting cell phone service, but it is not needed at all for that purpose. They are there to hide something clandestine right in the great wide open.

My reader stated: “My company also erected many cell towers, and I always wondered why they had us bring so much electrical power to these cell towers.” He NAILED IT. As a technical type, I paid attention to the cell towers, and noticed that they always seem to have a 400KVA or bigger transformer feeding them (I never actually walked up and looked at the data plate). 400KVA is approximately 400,000 watts. And I never really thought about it, why on earth they always got fed so much juice. Sometimes you just need to wake up and start thinking. Mexico confirms this – cell technology is totally passe’ and a perfectly functional legitimate node can be stuck in a yard decoration powered by less juice than needed by an average Ipod dock.

Another comment came in stating that American cell towers in fact only get anywhere from twenty thousand to sixty thousand watts, complete with verified documentation that that is “all it is”. Ok, Fine then. WLS in Chicago broadcasts with 50,000 watts, and with a good radio you can hear it anywhere in the world when conditions are right. To sometimes pump even more than that into a single American neighborhood via the local tower which is serving only a two mile area is far beyond suspicious. It is case proven. Those cell towers ARE NOT WHAT WE HAVE BEEN TOLD and I am certain that even 60,000 watts would be a conservative estimate for many of them.

Why pump so many watts?

The antenna arrays on the cell towers are highly directional. That’s obvious. So since the signal from them is confined to a zone, rather than going out omnidirectionally, whatever is in that zone will get extremely high R.F. levels. Maybe you need that much for mind control, but I seriously doubt it. With such an ability to confine the signal to within a zone, I would expect a mind control beam to not need more than a couple thousand watts. Where is the rest of that power going?

My guess, is Japan, Hurricane Katrina, or Chiapas Mexico. Whatever earthquake or disaster “they” need to accomplish a political objective. And there is something you need to know about radio wave propagation – it can be steered. So just because a cell tower appears to only be able place all it’s RF output within a confined zone, it does not mean that signal cannot be diverted and sent elsewhere. This is because a neighboring cell tower can be synchronized in such a way that it steers the output from surrounding towers to a new remote area. And that is how Haarp works, BET ON IT.

American cell towers then, I believe in this order, have multiple purposes. The first is EMF mind control. Ever wonder why on some mornings EVERYONE seems to be happy, and on others EVERYONE seems to be grouchy? People don’t just naturally fall into a mold like that, yet you see it all the time. And you never used to. This is a new phenomenon. Back in the 70′s and 80′s moods were totally random. Not anymore. There are happy days when everyone is happy, and grouchy days and indifferent days. If you have not noticed this, start paying attention. People’s lives are random, and there should be absolutely no reason for their moods to all be similar for any reason other than outside manipulation. The second purpose is an occasional one – I believe that occasionally the towers will be switched up to full output to eat a nuclear reactor in Japan via a phony earthquake scenario, or to make good and sure a hurricane is useful for a social experiment in New Orleans. But you cannot have them humming away at full output all the time without it becoming obvious, so the ability is likely saved for special occasions. Furthermore, with as many as there are around, it probably does not take more than a few percent of them at any one time to pull off something big. And this is exactly why, as my reader also stated, “Later, the Army Corps of Engineers would install frequency amplifiers connected with HXXrp. I believe they can control the weather.” Why, pray tell, would the Corps of Engineers show up and install something in a “civilian” cell tower? Think about that. We all know the “elite” can trigger earthquakes. We all know they can tweak the weather. The question is then, since there is no GIANT UFO in the sky doing it, where is their system located?

And the third purpose is B.S. – “cell phone service”. That’s as close as it can get to a lie, because any telephone pole, attic, or yard decoration would do the job as well. Mexico PROVES IT.

I also received the comment: “how do the elite prevent themselves from getting beamed”? That answer is easy. The elite live in tight little enclaves that are pretty much set apart from the rest of society. Keeping the happy ray off them is as easy as simply not having the local cell tower deliver it to their isolated little pocket. To find out where YOU can live and get away from it all, pick up the phone book and move RIGHT TO THE CENTER of where all the synagogues are, that is, IF you can get in there. If you are not one of “them”, count on paying a price 4x higher than the community average. Their communities are insanely expensive for outsiders, and yet even the poorest one of them can not only live there, but get ahead while doing so.

Audio noise modulation, and “poppers”

During the Iraq war, America seized control of all the Iraqi transmitters, and started broadcasting propaganda. Normally, people would reject it outright. But America knew this, so under every broadcast they put a layer of noise. They did nothing to the audio people listened to, but they modulated the background noise prevalent in any radio signal (and in these broadcasts the injected noise was higher than usual, but not extreme,) and to get the Iraqis to accept what was being broadcast, even though often it was an obvious lie, the injected noise in the radio signal was modulated with a waveform that put people’s brains into a mode of acceptance, and it worked spectacularly well.

But that was not enough to satisfy American desire, so,

they dropped AM modulated microwave transmitters called “poppers” onto the rooftops and into various areas where they were not likely to be discovered. Soldiers were usually put in place to guard them. If the “poppers” were discovered, and anyone tried to de-activate them they would be shot. These worked even better than the noise modulated radio signal, and the Iraqis, who had never been exposed to such manipulation knew something was up and absolutely hated them. They figured out that the “poppers” emitted a mind control beam. But after long enough exposure, because they would be killed if they messed with the devices, they eventually succumbed and complied.

So I have covered here three different ways frequencies can be used to manipulate the mind. The first is through the manipulation of a video signal. The second is manipulation of an audio signal, and the third, and worst, is to beam it straight into your head. And the psychological warfare is extremely cruel surrounding this as well. “tinfoil hat” has been used as a phrase to designate “crazies”. Let me ask you, WHY?. “they are beaming me, and putting thoughts in my head” has been used to define “crazy”. Let me ask you WHY? I will tell you why, and it is because uncovering any great conspiracy HAS TO BE DEFINED AS “CRAZY” or the game is up. As long as people who know the truth are successfully designated as whack jobs, the truth will remain in an isolated pocket and reality will then successfully smash everyone who is deemed “sane”.

I am sure a few people will respond, saying that cell tower frequencies have a limited range. This is bogus – it is common for microwave frequencies to link at distances over 50 miles. That’s a lot more than what is needed for mind control beams, when the nearest cell tower is usually less than 2 miles away.

And I can easily see that the antennas on these cell towers are not limited to high frequencies alone. Their size is suspicious, and all it would take is a coil of wire inside one of those arrays to drop the transmit frequency WAY DOWN, into a more effective range for weather modification and other nasties, and the antenna would not need to be physically large at all.

For reference, the longest possible antenna needed for ANY cell activity in the U.S. is around 20 inches, for the lowest possible cell related frequencies. More common would be 9 inch antennas. Why then are the antennas which adorn cell towers up to eight feet long? you can easily make a high powered coil antenna suitable for low MHZ frequencies with that much room to work with. Perhaps you should ask the Corps of Engineers why the size of the arrays does not match the stated function, because the Corps of Engineers has no legitimate business on a civilian tower yet is prevalent everywhere according to one of my readers who worked with this stuff and happened to know the name of a military protocol only an insider would know.

These people post claims that orgone is the solution for everything and that all you have to do to mitigate the harmful effects of cell towers, nuclear radiation, and every other problem that is science related is to throw a few orgone crystals at it.

Orgone is a fantasy, and there is no source for orgone crystals. You cannot just go out and get them. SO, since it all started with the cell tower/haarp report, I would like to repeat the following:

Cell towers are getting many times more power, (thousands of times more) than what they need to complete the function of communication, which is easily proven by the size of the transformers being used to run them. This leaves a huge open question – WHY? Keep in mind that these cell towers get at least 100 kilowatts, yet when power goes out they run on lead acid battery backup which lasts DAYS. Even the largest cell tower battery backup banks cannot provide a single kilowatt for more than half a day yet the cell towers can keep the phones going for days during blackouts on battery backup alone.

Since economics drive everything, and large transformers eat a certain amount of power just sitting idle, it would make sense to match your transformer to the load it is driving just to keep your operating expenses down. There is no economic reason for using transformers that are always over 100 kw and often 500 KW to drive a load that only uses a few hundred watts, as proven by how long the battery back ups keep the cell network running when main power is lost. A legitimate cell tower transformer would not be much larger than a coffee can. I would not gripe about a 3 kw transformer. It would fit in an innocuous box attached to the side of the tower completely un noticed and would provide everything needed to run the cell service and charge the batteries, with plenty of extra left over to prevent overload.

But as things are now, there is always a giant transformer associated with each cell tower which means that there is an alternative use for those towers which has nothing at all to do with communications and I beg to question WHAT. And the fact that the forum got so heavily shilled on this issue proves there is something to it, if it was not worth shilling they would not show up to do it.

People often question that if weather modification is real, where are the transmitters making it possible? The most probable answer – hidden inside of the many thousands of cell towers we look at every day. Cumulatively, with an enormously oversized transformer at each one, they equal countless billions of watts, many many times more than Haarp in Alaska.

A version of this article was first published on Jimstonefreelance.com.

http://therebel.org/stone/642683-are-cell-phone-towers-haarp-stations-in-disguise?acm=636_151.

Leave a Comment

Filed under Conspiracy, Police/Military/Dictatorship

Mythology of Progress & the Luddites’ 200th Annivesary

21st century Technology debates & politics

The Luddites’ 200th anniversary comes at a timely moment, because, at the beginning of the 21st century, the consequences of the whole industrial capitalist path of development that began with the Industrial Revolution are becoming so severe that millions of people are coming to doubt its mythology of progress. From global warming, resource depletion and biodiversity extinction to epidemics of mental and stress-related illness, drug addiction and crime, these inevitable products of industrial society are becoming impossible to ignore. Now, as then, along with their benefits science and technology often empower the powerful and marginalise the weak, create unemployment, deskilling and dependency, destroy whole ways of life and communities based upon them and create massive environmental and health damage, generally to the most vulnerable.

Whilst many of the problems mentioned above are widely understood as being the result of our free-market/industrial society, the crucial role of science and technology within that system is often not well understood. What makes the Luddite revolt so important was that it highlighted the crucial importance of technology. As the great apologist for industrialism, Andrew Ure, wrote in 1835, ‘This invention …. confirms the great doctrine already propounded, that when capital enlists science in her service, the refractory hand of labour will always be taught docility.’ Because the Luddites so shockingly exposed this best-kept secret of industrial capitalism they have been subjected to the harshest ridicule, and have been painted not just as another bunch of upstart troublemakers, but as idiotic opponents of progress, people who ‘want to go back to the stone-age’. Yet capital intensification, ie. the displacement of labour by capital (machines) relentlessly continues to create unemployment. In the 21st century, through digital technology, it is set to create major social and economic problems.

In celebrating the Luddites’ anniversary, therefore, we are trying to shine a spotlight on technology itself. But of course, what the Luddites were facing was not merely new machines but a whole new political and socio-economic regime built around them, the Industrial Revolution. The key political elements were free market economics and a ban on trade unions. As the writer Kirkpatrick Sale puts it, the Luddites were rebelling not against machines, but against ‘The Machine’. Likewise, today, when people say they are ‘a slave to their computer’, they do not mean it literally: of course, they know they can turn the machine off, but what they are pointing to is the way in which computers have facilitated a whole regime of working, a speed of response and a set of standards and expectations of personal performance. These are demanded as part of a whole social regime that is very hard to resist of evade. In talking about the politics of technology we are not trying to demonise or blame inanimate objects: rather, we need to ask what values and interests technology embodies, what kind of world does it imply, what systems does it fit into and stabilise?

Technocratic Ideologies

Since the Industrial Revolution, the idea that controlling nature through technology automatically produces progress has become so widely accepted that it has become unconscious, a kind of common sense that is rarely questioned. Liberals of all shades and socialists (especially Marxists) have made that dogma central to their entire philosophy. The left has also often abandoned its traditions of critical thinking and acquiesced in the liberal myth that science and technology are somehow neutral, and free of the effects of social power interests. As a result it is often difficult to have a balanced and informed debate about policy issues. Yet despite the apparent consensus, or perhaps because the consensus is so rigid, there is still great unease about new technologies and this sometimes results in a powerful backlash against new technologies, as for example in the cases of food irradiation and genetic engineering.

One of the worst aspects of the mythology of neutral and inherently progressive science and technology is the development of a technocratic class and general ideology, that sees science as the solution to all social problems. The problem with this is that technocrats tend to describe and frame social problems so that they may be solved through technology. Thus, for example, hunger caused by poverty due to unjust societies and economic policies is seen as due to a lack of food, caused by low crop yields: the solution is therefore genetic engineering of crop plants. Likewise, depression and other mental ‘illness’ becomes a biological problem in individual brains, to be treated with drugs, rather than a symptom of oppression and the social conditions created by industrial capitalism. In general, technocratic solutions involve the creation of a new product which can be sold by corporations. The result of this technocratic mindset is a distortion of policy and an avoidance of difficult social issues. But inevitably, the solution generates its own problem, since it does not address the real causes of the original problem, and so another generation of technofixes, such as ‘carbon capture’, or ‘ geoengineering’ is proposed. This ongoing process is called progress.

However, even the most cursory inspection reveals that technology is anything but ‘neutral’ and it is anything but inevitable which technologies end up in widespread use. In fact, technologies are extensively socially shaped, especially by those who develop them, and since the developers are generally corporate or military, technologies tend to primarily serve their interests, even though people always find ways to turn technology to their own purposes, e.g. in the use of the internet to enable the recent revolutions in the Arab world. Another way of saying this is that power relations are embedded in all technologies, yet they are hidden by a façade of neutrality. In their turn, technologies create far reaching changes in society, generally in ways that suit the interests of the developers. In this way, the central process in the development of our societies, the process of capitalist modernisation, escapes democratic control and becomes the preserve of technocratic elites.

This repeatedly sets up a situation in which these elites then try to impose the new technologies on society. Most of the time, however, ordinary people tend to accept the ‘inevitability’ of technological change and the social upheaval and degradation of old values and ways of life that it causes: as the sign above the 1933 Chicago World Fair proudly proclaimed ‘Science Discovers, Technology Executes, Man Conforms’. Because the technocrats are taking the initiative they put their critics in the position of having to defend existing arrangements, and can therefore always portray themselves as progressive, and their opponents as ‘backwards-looking’ and “reactionary”. But as one of the Luddite songs says, ‘that foul Imposition alone was the cause, which produced these unhappy effects’. Likewise, a very strong element in the opposition of the British public to GM foods was indignation that corporations such as Monsanto were introducing these new foods without ever having consulted the public about it.

How do we judge technologies?

As we noted above technologies need to be looked at in terms of the way that they work in concert with social forces. However, there are some basic criteria that relates specifically to technology itself. One general question to ask about a technology is, ‘who is in charge, the person or the machine?’. Writers such as Ivan Illich argue that most modern technology is so powerful that it forces us to conform to its way of doing things, rather than being a tool that we can flexibly use according to our own needs. Of course, this was exactly what the Luddites were facing in the steam powered machines of the Industrial Revolution. As John Kay, the inventor of the flying shuttle put it, bluntly: “Whilst the engine runs the people must work – men, women and children are yoked together with iron and steam. The animal machine – breakable in the best case, subject to a thousand sources of suffering – is chained fast to the iron machine, which knows no suffering and weariness.

One way of thinking about the politics of technology is to ask: what does the Luddite phrase ‘hurtful to Commonality’ mean now? Commonality means the common good, but it also refers specifically to The Enclosures, which had displaced many agricultural labourers and rural artisans, creating the new proletariat of workers denied access to the land and the means of subsistence and wholly dependent on wages for survival. In 1812, the year of the Luddite revolt, Parliament passed 133 Enclosure Bills. ‘Commonality’, for the Luddites invoked the whole rural social world of mutual aid and sharing based on access to the common land that was being destroyed by the Enclosures. Based on that criterion, technologies are bad if they increase our dependence on the market, and reduce the ability of local communities to be self reliant.

In the 21st century although capital intensification and the displacement of labour which led to the Luddite uprisings continue to be a key issue, the politics of technology has expanded to include many other concerns. The table below gives a far-from-complete list of such issues.

General issues
  • Hurtful to Commonality?
  • Who benefits, who loses?
  • Whose interests served?
  • Who is in charge: you or the machine?
  • ‘Technofixes’ for social problems?
  • What kind of a world is implied by the new technology?
  • What alternatives are ruled out?
Labour issues
  • Creating unemployment?
  • Control and surveillance of workers (e.g. mobile phones)?
  • Health & safety of workers
Socioeconomic impacts
  • Genuine need?
  • Substitution of commodities and products form developing counties?
  • Creating debt.?
  • Planned obsolescence.
  • Concentrating market power?
  • Deskilling, creating dependency?
Social issues
  • General effect on equality of minorities, women, disabled people and young people etc.
  • High price of technology excludes access for poor people, (e.g. ‘the digital divide’, pharmaceutical development only for industrial countries) or creates debt (the Green Revolution).
  • Concentrating power or democratising it?
  • Facilitating freedom or social control?
  • Does it depend upon hierarchical and authoritarian power structures to support it (e.g. nuclear)?
  • Atomising society or encouraging community?
  • Effect on farming and rural communities.
  • Encouraging uniformity or diversity?
  • Speeding up or slowing down the pace of life?
Environmental issues
  • Energy/resource consumption/carbon footprint.
  • Pollution in extraction of raw materials and disposal of waste.
  • Destruction of biodiversity.
Ethical issues
  • Acceptable manipulation of nature? Playing God?
  • Turning human bodies and children into commodities?
  • Human scale technology?
Health issues
  • Effect of technology on users (eg computer games, repetitive strain injury)
  • Inventing new ‘diseases’/medicalisation of society?
  • Prevention or cure?

Leave a Comment

May 18, 2013 · 10:35 am

Did Larry MacDonald Survive the KAL 007 Shootdown?

Friday, May 17, 2013

Did New World Order Critic, U.S. Congressman Larry MacDonald, Survive The ‘Shootdown’ Of KAL 007?

The drive of the Rockefellers and their allies is to create a one-world government combining supercapitalism and Communism under the same tent, all under their control…. Do I mean conspiracy? Yes I do. I am convinced there is such a plot, international in scope, generations old in planning, and incredibly evil in intent.
Rep. Larry McDonald

There does exist, and has existed for a generation, an institutional Anglophile network which opperates, to some extent, in the way the radical Right believes the Communists act. In fact, this network, which we may identify as the Round Table Groups(Lord Milner’s crew), has no aversion to cooperating with the communists, or any other groups, and frequently does so. I know of the opperations of this network because I have studied it for twenty years and was permitted for two years in the early 1960s to examine its papers and secret records. I have no aversion to it or to most of its aims and have, for much of my life, been close to it and to many of its instruments. I have objected, both in the past and recently, to a few of its policies but in general my chief difference of opinion is that it wishes to remain unknown, and I believe its role in history is significant enough to be known.”
Carroll Quigley, author of Tragedy and Hope (1966), Council on Foreign Relations member, professor and mentor to Bill Clinton at Georgetown University.

It’s a name that most people today aren’t familiar with, yet he was a man so far ahead of his time, one of those rare American individuals who could not only see what direction society and world was moving, but was courageous enough to challenge the elite power structure through his public life.


Some 30 years ago in September of 1983, Korean Airliner KAL007 was shot down in one of the most mysterious and murky episodes in modern history. Among the passengers on the ill-fated flight was as a U.S. representative from northwest Georgia’s 7th Congressional District, Congressman Lawrence Patton McDonald M.D.

As it turns out, Larry McDonald was right about so much, and possessed the foresight to see today’s globalization, WTO, the EU super state and the disintegration of the United States as a constitutional republic. Incredibly, McDonald also outlined (in the video interview below) how the US federal government would eventually move towards socialism, and restrict the Second Amendment and gun ownership in America. A visionary, to say the least.

He was also a member of the national council for the John Birch Society since 1966, and was named its chairman in March of of 1983. He described the society as “a constitutionalist education-action organization.”

Sadly, he life and political career were cut short…


Brasscheck TV revisits…

‘Dead within four months of this interview’
- He was right about Bill Casey who turned out to be a criminal on an EPIC scale.
- He was correct about the negative impact of the government-created phenomenon of inflation (starting in 1983.)
- He was also correct about about the Federal government’s obsession with impinging on gun rights and shredding the Constitution. 

Around May of 1983, approximately 4 months before being shot down in KAL007, Congressman Larry McDonald takes on Pat Buchanan and Tom Braden on Crossfire, as they badger him about his new role as Chairman of the John Birch Society. He easily handles them and answers questions concerning the Elite’s Conspiracy for a One World Government…

For more, including the Crossfire debate, see this report from 21st Century Wire

But Did Larry MacDonald Survive the Shootdown of KAL007?

Congressman Larry McDonaldThe New American, September 1, 2008: It has been 25 years since Korean Airlines Flight 007, carrying 269 passengers and crew, including Congressman Larry McDonald of Georgia, was fired on by a Soviet fighter jet off the coast of Siberia. At the time, McDonald was chairman of the John Birch Society (a subsidiary of which publishes THE NEW AMERICAN).

Although several speakers eulogized McDonald at a Washington, D.C., memorial service 10 days following the September 1, 1983 attack, the words most remembered by both this magazine’s editor, Gary Benoit, and this writer were delivered by the late Senator Jesse Helms, who passed away on July 4. Senator Helms, along with Senator Steve Symms of Idaho and Representative Carroll Hubbard, Jr. of Kentucky, were headed for the same conference in Seoul, South Korea, as was Congressman McDonald, but on a different plane (KAL 015). Both planes, flying on schedules just minutes apart, stopped at Anchorage, Alaska, for refueling, and passengers from each could deplane and stretch their legs. McDonald decided to stay onboard, but Senator Helms opted to visit the terminal, where he mingled with passengers from the doomed KAL 007. During the layover, Helms met two little girls who were passengers on McDonald’s plane, Noel Anne Grenfell, five, and her sister Stacy Marie, three. The senator spoke about the encounter to the 4,000 people gathered at the McDonald memorial service, and often again in the years that followed:

I’ll never forget that night when that plane was just beside ours at Anchorage airport with two little girls and their parents. I taught them, among other things, to say I love you in deaf [sign] language, and the last thing they did when they turned the corner was stick up their little hands and tell me they loved me.

Few who heard the story forgot it, and there was not a dry eye in the house that sultry Washington afternoon.

President Ronald Reagan made a strongly worded speech on national television on September 5, 1983, during which he called the attack a “crime against humanity” that had “absolutely no justification, either legal or moral.” He used the word “massacre” six times to describe the attack against a civilian airliner, and boldly proclaimed: “This attack was not just against ourselves or the Republic of Korea. This was the Soviet Union against the world and the moral precepts which guide human relations among people everywhere.”

But the actions of the Reagan administration fell far short of the president’s flamboyant rhetoric. Our government offered no meaningful resistance to the Soviet harassment of U.S. search-and-rescue efforts in the Sea of Japan as Soviet ships interfered with U.S. and Japanese naval vessels and helicopters attempting to find and recover KAL 007 and its black box.

More meaningfully, Reagan failed to follow through on his tough talk by employing any of the means possible to punish the Soviets, such as trade sanctions. In fact, over time, his administration increased trade with the Soviet Union. Already on September 1, 1984, the Associated Press reported: “Secretary of State George Shultz says the Soviet Union’s shooting down of a South Korean airliner one year ago … should not preclude improvement of relations.”

That one or more Soviet fighter jets were responsible for shooting down a civilian airliner and that one of the passengers on that plane was a U.S. congressman and that the official U.S. response to the incident was pathetically weak are easily established facts. However, key details about exactly what happened to the plane and its passengers clash with the official conclusion that the stricken airliner plummeted into the sea killing all aboard.

What Really Happened?
Because the attack against KAL 007 took place just after it had exited Soviet airspace and the plane went down in Soviet territory, most of what we know comes from three sources: first, highly suspect early reports from the Soviets; second, radio transmissions to and from the Soviet fighter jets and their ground commanders (handed over by the Russian Federation years later); and, third, transmissions from the airliner’s flight crew to Tokyo air traffic controllers. Radar tracking by Japanese stations also provided key information.

As mentioned earlier, KAL 007 was one of two Korean Airlines planes en route to Seoul, Korea, after both stopped at Anchorage for refueling. The aircraft’s flight plan called for it to fly southwest from Anchorage to Japan, flying over the Pacific east of the Soviet Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands, then across the Sea of Japan to South Korea. The flight’s designated corridor, Romeo 20, passed just 171⁄2 miles from Soviet airspace off the Kamchatka coast. However, for reasons still unexplained, the plane gradually, but steadily, deviated from its planned course until it crossed the Kamchatka Peninsula, home to the Soviet’s Far East Fleet Inter-Continental Ballistic Nuclear Submarine Base. The timing for straying into this area could not have been worse. It was but a few short hours before the time that Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov, Soviet Chief of General Staff, had set for the test firing of the SS-25, an illegal (according to SALT II agreements) mobile Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). The Kamchatka Peninsula was the designated target area for the missile. Though the incursion sent Soviet air defenses on high alert and fighters were scrambled, the situation calmed down as KAL 007 crossed the peninsula and reentered international airspace over the Sea of Okhotsk.

Continuing on a southwestward course, KAL 007 reentered Soviet airspace over Sakhalin Island, and fighters were scrambled with orders to “destroy the target.” An exchange of communications between General Valeri Kamensky, the Commander of the Soviet Far East District Air Defense Forces, and his subordinate, General Anatoli Kornukov, commander of Sokol Air Base, revealed a difference of opinion about how much verification was required before destroying the aircraft. A monitored radio transmission recorded Kamensky as stating: “We must find out, maybe it is some civilian craft or God knows who.” General Kornukov defiantly replied: “What civilian? [It] has flown over Kamchatka! It [came] from the ocean without identification. I am giving the order to attack if it crosses the State border.”

An article in the New York Times of December 9, 1996, quoted Major Gennadi Osipovich, the pilot of the SU-15 Interceptor that fired on the plane: “From the flashing lights and the configuration of the windows, he recognized the aircraft as a civilian type of plane…. ‘I saw two rows of windows and knew that this was a Boeing,’ he said. ‘I knew this was a civilian plane. But for me this meant nothing. It is easy to turn a civilian type of plane into one for military use.’ ”

During one exchange, General Kornukov expressed frustration with the amount of time Major Osipovich was taking to get into attack position: “Oh, [obscenities] how long does it take him to get into attack position, he is already getting out into neutral waters. Engage afterburner immediately. Bring in the MiG 23 as well…. While you are wasting time it will fly right out [of Soviet airspace].”
Major Osipovich reported starkly at one point in the transcript: “The target is destroyed.”

As it happened, however, Osipovich was wrong; the “target” had not been destroyed. Subsequent radio transmissions from KAL 007 indicated that while the crew had problems in controlling the altitude of the plane (it had climbed on its own) and that the cabin had depressurized, First Officer Son had reported to the plane’s Captain Chun: “Engines normal, sir.” Captain Chun then turned off the plane’s autopilot and took manual control of the plane, stabilizing it at 35,000 feet, its original altitude. He also contacted controllers at Tokyo, requested that they “give instructions,” and reported he was “descending to one zero thousand [10,000 feet].”

According to the transcripts, there was no further transmission from KAL 007, a factor that has been widely interpreted (or misinterpreted) to mean that the airliner either exploded or crashed into the sea at that point. But the plane was tracked on radar for more than 10 minutes after the last recorded transcript, and was picked up on radar flying at 16,424 feet four minutes after the attack. Eight minutes later, radar showed that the plane was still at 1,000 feet, indicating that the rate of descent had slowed — not what one would expect if the plane had plummeted into the sea as claimed. The pilot’s request for “instructions” also indicates that he still had control over the aircraft, or else such a request would have been pointless.

When Soviet General Kornukov was informed that the plane had changed course to the north he was incredulous: “Well, I understand [that the plane turned north], I do not understand the result, why is the target flying? Missiles were fired. Why is the target flying? [obscenities] Well, what is happening?” Of course, the fact that the plane changed direction suggests not only that the pilot was able to steer the aircraft but that he was going to attempt an emergency landing.

Kornukov then ordered that a MIG 23 be brought in to finish the job. However, due to KAL 007’s descent and heavy cloud cover, they could not locate the plane. The Soviet interceptors, low on fuel, returned to their base without having sighted the plane. The Soviets’ radar told them, however, that the plane had descended to 16,424 feet and was flying a spiral pattern over Moneron Island, in the Tartar Strait 24 miles west of Sakhalin Island.

Finally, 12 minutes after the attack, KAL 007 disappeared from radar, after dipping below the 1,000-foot level near Moneron Island. The Soviets immediately dispatched squadrons of KGB Border Guard boats, rescue helicopters, and even civilian trawlers to Moneron Island.

In the United States, the news broadcasts the evening of the disappearance of KAL 007 reported that the missing aircraft had landed safely on Sakhalin Island. But by the following morning those initial reports were forgotten, and the news was that the plane had been destroyed.

Putting the Pieces Together
For several reasons (not the least of which was that he had been invited by Rep. McDonald to travel with him on KAL 007 and that he also had that touching encounter with the two little girls from the plane), Senator Jesse Helms always took a strong interest in the mysterious fate of this airliner. During the two-year period following the tragedy, Helms proposed eight specific sanctions against the Soviets to punish them for that heinous act, but both Congress and the Reagan White House worked to defeat those sanctions. In 1991, Senator Helms, as Minority Leader of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, issued a report that noted: “KAL 007 probably ditched successfully, there may have been survivors, the Soviets have been lying massively, and diplomatic efforts need to be made to return the possible survivors.”

On December 10, 1991, just five days after Senator Helms had written to President Boris Yeltsin of the newly established Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic concerning the whereabouts of U.S. servicemen who were POWs or MIAs, he sent a second letter to Yeltsin concerning KAL 007. Helms wrote: “One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines flight KAL-007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983…. The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War. However, now that relations between our two nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event.”

Senator Helms attached a list of questions to his letter, some of which indicated that he believed that the passengers had survived the crash or landing. These included:

1. From Soviet reports of the incident, please provide:
a) A list of the names of any living passengers and crew members from the airplane;
b) A list of missing passengers and crew;
c) A list of dead passengers and crew;
d) A list and explanation of what happened to the bodies of any dead passengers and crew;

Helms also asked: “Please provide detailed information on the fate of U.S. Congressman Larry McDonald.”

Finally, pressing the point even more bluntly, Helms asked:

1. How many KAL-007 family members and crew are being held in Soviet camps?
2. Please provide a detailed list of the camps containing live passengers and crew, together with a map showing their location.

Read more

Who Killed Congressman Larry MacDonald?

May Brussel, February 1984: In the aftermath of the Korean Air Lines disaster that shocked the world last September 1, the editors of the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner dealt with a series of nagging questions and their answers. Prominent among them was the following:

QUESTION: “Is there any reason to believe that an admittedly ultraright U.S. congressman traveling 007, Rep. Lawrence McDonald of Georgia, may have been deliberately assassinated aboard the flight?”

ANSWER: “While the [U.S.] government has made no such charge, McDonald’s widow claims that her husband, the national chairman of the John Birch Society, was ‘murdered.’ She holds that it was no accident that ‘the leading anti-Communist in the American government’ had been on a plane that was ‘forced into Soviet territory’ and shot down.”

Another question that begs to be addressed is: Why would the Soviet Union wish to make a martyr of Larry McDonald? If the Russians are the experts at terrorism that they’re supposed to be, it would seem obvious that they could find an easier way to get rid of the congressman than chasing his airplane over Soviet territory for 2 1/2 hours. They could have easily blown him away anywhere in the world.

Furthermore, it is hard to believe that KAL Flight 007 was forced into Soviet airspace, as if a giant mechanism had sucked McDonald toward his mortal enemy. During those strange 2 1/2 hours that 007 ventured as far as 226 miles inside Soviet airspace, the Russians were testing new kinds of missiles directly below. They didn’t need any more problems.

And I doubt that McDonald, as fanatic as he was, deserves the label of “leading anti-Communist in the American government.” He would have pretty stiff competition from such individuals as A.G. “Fritz” Kraemer, Sven Kraemer, John Lenczowski, Paula Dobriansky, William Clark, Jeanne Kirkpatrick, William Casey, Henry Kissinger, Dr. Ernest Lefevre, William F. Buckley, James Buckley, Richard Pipes, General Daniel O. Graham and a cast of thousands.

One article that appeared immediately after the shooting down of 007 accused Secretary of the Navy John Lehman of being “one particular culprit in the deaths of 269 over Sakhalin Island.” The Lehman design, titled “Horizontal Escalation” in defense circles, outlines a series of provocations against the USSR. Lehman is quoted as saying, “He who gets the signal to fire first in the North Pacific will enjoy a tremendous tactical advantage. This region . . . is most probably where we shall witness confrontation with the Soviet Union.”

Thus, while Europe and the U.S. divert the public with NATO missile discussions, plans are being formulated for a first strike in the Pacific. South Korea, Japan and the U.S. are working on these plans together. Sending spy planes over the Soviet Union serves the purpose of provocation.

Five days after the 007 incident former CIA spy Ralph McGehee told a college audience that the Korean airliner was indeed on a spy mission. He also believes that the Russians thought 007 was an RC-135 intelligence plane.

Leave a Comment

Filed under Conspiracy, Coverups/False Flag Operation/Propaganda/psy-op, World Order/Imperialism

The Kalachakra-Tantra

A Ritual of Peace or a Totalitarian Temptation with highly explosive potentials

 

From July 6 through 16, 2011 the XIV Dalai Lama will offer a Kalachakra-Tantra-Ritual in the heart of the U.S. capital, Washington, DC. In Sanskrit, Kalachakra means “The Wheel of Time.” The Kalachakra Tantra, as well the sacred text used in its ritualistic performance, is considered to be “the pinnacle of all Buddhist systems.” Included in the Kalchakra Tantra are: the construction of a so-called Sand Mandala, which symbolizes the cosmos, an apocalyptic prophecy known as the Shambhala Myth, and several top-secret initiations.

This complicated mystical ritual is presented by the Dalai Lama and the organizers of the event as a dignified and uplifting contribution to world peace, which fosters compassion with all living beings, inter-religious dialog, interracial tolerance, ecological awareness, sexual equality, inner peace, spiritual development, and bliss for the third millennium (Kalachakra for World Peace). One of the Dalai Lama’s mottos for the whole performance is: “Because we all share this small planet earth, we have to learn to live in harmony and peace with each other and with nature.”

But are the Kalachakra Tantra and the Shambhala Myth truly pacifist? Do they really encourage harmony and cooperation among people? Do they make any real contribution to freedom and justice, equality of gender, religious tolerance or ethnic reconciliation? Are they a comprehensive, politically humanist, democratic and non-violent contribution to world peace?

Andrei Znamenski, Associate Professor of History at Alabama State University and author of an exciting book about the Shambhala Myth in Bolshevist Russia (Red_Shambhala – Magic, Prophecy, and Geopolitics in the Heart of Asia) came to another conclusion: “It might be shocking for many readers, but let me start by saying that the Kalachakra Tantra has nothing to do with peace, compassion­s, and freedom. In Tantric Buddhism it was a misogynist­ic quest performed by male initiates to accumulate sacred power of particular Buddhist deities (the lower seven initiation­s are open for all) and, through blending male and female fluids (top secret initiation­s that involved sexuality, to eventually turn themselves into superhuman androgynou­s beings. Moreover, part of the Kalachakra teaching was a militant Shambhala prophecy, a call for a Buddhist holy war against enemies of Buddhism.”

Andrei Znamenski is not alone in this assessment. The Kalachakra Tantra and Tibetan Buddhism are coming more and more into focus by critics. (See: Critical Links to Lamaism) In their groundbreaking workThe Shadow of the Dalai Lama – Sexuality, Magic and Politics in Tibetan Buddhism, German cultural philosophers, Victor and Victoria Trimondi, not only provide surprising, previously ignored research but also undertake a well-founded interpretation of Lamaism, rendering the Tibetan-Buddhist worldview understandable for Western readers through a comparison with European religious traditions. The text pays particular attention to an extensive analysisof the Kalachakra Tantra and its political, ideological, and spiritual implications. (The book appeared in 1999 through the reputable German publishing house Patmos Verlag. The English version is online. It became the standard work on the critical examination of Lamaism and the metapolitics of the Dalai Lama. In the eighties Victor Trimondi did support the Tibetan religious leader, organized several international congresses and other events with him and featured books about him in his own publishing house, the Dianus-Trikont-Verlag.)

In their book the two authors describe en detail the secret rituals of sexual magic in the higher initiations of the Kalachakra Tantra (The Public and the Secret Initiations); they have shown the religious-political intention of the Tantra to establish a world-wide Buddhocracy with a sacred world-ruler (The ADI Buddha); they discuss the intolerance of the Tantra vis-à-vis the monotheist religions, its militant and aggressive warrior-ideology, and its vision of a religious end-time battle against Islam (The Aggressive Myth of Shambhala); and they show how the Tantra is interpreted by the Dalai Lama spokesman Robert Thurman as a symbolic and meta-political instrument to conquer western culture by Lamaism (The Buddhocratic Conquest of the West ).

The Trimondis came to very similar conclusions as their American colleague Andrei Znamenski and other critical authors on the topic: “The teachings of the Buddha have so many treasures and wonderful insights, but the philosophy, the vision and the practices of the Kalachakra Tantra are neither compatible with fundamentals of Buddha’s teachings nor with basic principles of Western Enlightenment. Therein are included an apocalyptic war of religion, the aggressive application of super-weapons, radical transgressions of a humanistic moral code, the dissolution of the ego and the soul of the participants of the ritual, the totalitarian subjugation under the will of the guru, the idea of an imperial and global lama-state (Buddhocracy), and the concept of an absolutist world ruler, the Chakravartin. The sexual rites in the higher initiations of this occult ritual have to be designated as a manipulation of erotic love and a misuse of female energy to produce spiritual and worldly power of men and monks. So the equality of the sexes, democratic decision making, and ecumenical movements are in themselves foreign to the nature of the Kalachakra Tantra.” The two German cultural philosophers created the Critical Forum Kalachakra to open a wide-ranging debate over the hidden “dark sides” of the Tantra, and they published many other articles, including a pamphlet, Eight Questions to the 14th Dalai Lama on the Topic of the Kalachakra.

 

During the public Kalachakra Initiation in Graz/Austria directed by the Dalai Lama (2002), the German-speaking media picked up these critiques from the Trimondis and other authors  to discuss the controversial ritual. The Austrian state TV & Radio ORF broadcasted a feature called, “Critique of the ‘Peace Ritual’ of the Dalai Lama in Graz.” ‘Peace Ritual’ has been written in quotations marks to emphasize the ambivalence of the term in this context. Der Standard(The “New York Times” of Vienna) published a cover article with the title, “A Warrior Ritual of the Dalai Lama: The Kalachakra,” and the conservative German WeeklyDer Rheinische Merkurwrote: “Extremely wild warriors: what is hidden behind the Kalachakra – Thousands have attended the peace ritual of the Dalai Lama. But the ‘Religion of Happiness’ has also its dark sides.” Georg Schmid, Prof. for Religious Studies at the University Zürich (Switzerland) called attention to the fact that the Kalachakra Tantra was the product of the religious war between Buddhists and militant Moslems in India around the turn of the first millennium.  It was under this influence that the Tantra changed fundamental Buddhist principles. “In this time,” said Professor Schmid, “Buddhism had adopted the law of its enemies and had developed a Buddhist concept of a holy war, a forthcoming apocalyptic conflict between friend and foe of the Buddha-way and a future Buddhist world dominium.” Alexander Berzin, a designated Kalachakra expert of the Dalai Lama, also confirms that the Tantra proclaims a holy war: “A careful examination of the Buddhist texts, particularly The Kalachakra Tantra literature, reveals both external and internal levels of battle that could easily be called ‘holy wars.’ An unbiased study of Islam reveals the same. In both religions, leaders may exploit the external dimensions of holy war for political, economic, or personal gain by using it to rouse their troops to battle. Historical examples regarding Islam are well known; but one must not be rosy-eyed about Buddhism.”

In the meantime, dozens of books, articles, and discussion groups in German and French have carried forward these criticisms and have expanded them–without sparing the person of the Dalai Lama. A lot of the critical voices came also from the Buddhist camp. See, for example, comments to an article about the Kalachakra Initiation 2011 in the Huffington Post. The latest high point of this critical wave in Germany was a cover story in Germany’s biggest magazine “Stern” (2009): The two faces of the Dalai Lama – The soft Tibetan and his undemocratic Regime (trans. in English). This article was written by Tilman Müller, the same journalist who uncovered ten years before–with his Austrian colleague Gerald Lehner–the Nazi past of the Dalai Lama’s teacher, Heinrich Harrer: Dalai Lama’s friend: Hitlers Champion (trans. in English). Their sensational discovery caused a protest movement in the Jewish community against the film adaptation of Harrer’s autobiographical book Seven Years in Tibet, with Brad Pitt as Harrer.

Very accurately the historian Andrei Znamenskis calls the Kalachakra Tantra “a totalitarian temptation.” In his book Red_Shambhalahe recounts the story of political and spiritual seekers from West and East who used the Tibetan Buddhist prophecies of the Kalachakra Tantra (the Shambhala Myth) to promote their spiritual, social, and geopolitical agendas and schemes. Red_Shambhala proves that people in the Left were no strangers to the occult, and they were equally mesmerized by the Tantra. But even more mesmerized have been people of the far Right. In their second book, Hitler-Buddha-Krishna – An unholy alliance from the Third Reich to the present day(2002) which received international attention, Victor and Victoria Trimondi show how influential Fascists and Nazis used the philosophies, mythologies, visions, and dogmas as well as the religious practices and texts of the spiritual traditions of Asia for glorifying war, and for the deification of the “Führer” and the white race. Some of them have been electrified by the Kalachakra Tantra and the Shambhala-Myth. The Trimondis uncover how the Nazi-Orientalists who prepared the SS Tibet Expedition of Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler have been interested in the ritual, and how members of the SS Ahnenerbe (the brain trust of the SS) wanted to spare the Kalachakra Temple in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) during the siege and barrage of the city by the Deutsche Wehrmacht (1941 – 1944). The Shambhala Myth of the Kalachakra Tantra and its militant ideologies are a topic in the occult literature of the international Neo-Fascist and Neo-Nazi scene. One example is Miguel Serrano, the recently deceased leader of the Chilean National Socialists. Another is Ernesto Mila, former chief of the Spanish National-Socialists, who writes about the Kalachakra-Ritual in his article, The envoys of Hitler in Tibet: “The Kalachakra Tantra and its initiation is not a normal ritual. . . . It is the ‘supreme initiation,’ that ‘assured the renaissance in Shambhala’ at the moment of the last battle against the powers of evil. . . . It is the initiation which is appropriate for the warrior caste.”

Another example is the accreditedexpert on the Orient (and Hitler admirer) Jean Marquès-Rivière who after WW II was convicted in absentia and given the death sentence for turning Jews and Free Masons over to the Gestapo and SS in France. He was the author of a Kalachakra interpretation once popular with some fascist elements. He wrote in his book that the Dalai Lama personally gave a ring to him with the Kalachakra Emblem to demonstrate that he is part of the inner circle of Shambhala adepts. (Kalachakra: Initiation Tantrique du Dalai Lama)

Last but not least, the Japanese Doomsday Guru, Shoko Asahara must be mentioned. He intended a Shambalization of our planet by means of nuclear terror. Asahara was responsible for poisonous gas attacks on Tokyo’s metro in 1995, killing 12 and leaving hundreds injured. The terrorist sect’s leader met the Dalai Lama on several occasions. Even weeks after the first assault, the Dalai Lama called him a “friend, yet not a perfect one.” Only later did the Dalai Lama distance himself from the sect leader. (The Doomsday Guru Shoko Asahara and XIV Dalai Lama)

So the “totalitarian temptation” which streams out from the Kalachakra Tantra for all sorts of political and religious fanatics makes it absolutely necessary that the text, commentaries, and the ritual itself are discussed and disputed openly and honestly, especially at this time when the ritual is performed in a place where the power of the world is concentrated: Washington DC. The organizers are very conscious of this political acupuncture point when they write, “The Kalachakra for World Peace 2011 will unfold in a world capital where local actions deeply and globally affect the lives of so many.” A statement from the Capital Area Tibetan Association, which is putting on the event, also stressed the significance of having it in Washington: “If there is a seed of spirituality in this very city, that seed when it grows is bound to have an effect.” The ritual is to be carried out in the Verizon Center approximately mid-way between the White House and the US Capitol Buildings, just a short stroll from the National Mall.

AWashington Post article states,“Many still see huge significance in his [the Dalai Lama's] picking the capital of the world’s superpower as the place for a ritual about how to reconcile disunity. Some believe the Kalachakra’s hopeful explanation about how to deal with differences literally will spread through meditators to area bigwigs coping with national debt, wars, environmental disasters and terrorism.” The article cites Clark Strand, former editor of Tricycle, a Buddhist magazine: “The most significant thing about this is the time and place, 10 years after 9/11, and in a place where big decisions are being made about the planet.”

Yes,10 years after 9/11! But what did happen exactly ten years before 9/11? In 1991 in New York City a so-called Kalachakra Sand Mandala was constructed, then destroyed by the Dalai Lama, and the sand was poured into the water near the World Trade Center. Two years later in 1993 another Wheel of Time (Kalachakra) Sand Mandala was built by Tibetan Monks in the lobby of Tower One. For over thirty days, many of the World Trade Center workers and visitors were invited to participate during the construction of this Mandala. Although these coincidences may be accidental, they prove that these two Kalachakra events were not a remedy for “national debt, wars, environmental disasters and terrorism.” If they did have any magical effect at all, it was to produce exactly the opposite.

You will find a résumé of the most problematic contents of the Kalachakra Tantra with original citations under: Critical Forum Kalachakra. The English site of the “Trimondi Online Magazine” under: www.trimondi.de/EN/front.html and the book “The Shadow of the Dalai Lama – Sexuality, Magic and Politics in Tibetan Buddhism” under: www.trimondi.de/SDLE/Index.htm

1 Comment

Filed under Religion/Metaphysical/Secret Societies/

Picks Power from the Air – Bona Fide Invention

Roy J. MEYERS

Absorber


C. Edholm: “Picks Power from Air” ( Technology World Magazine, 1912 ? )

Dr L. Hirshberg: “Electricity from Air New Great Discovery (Modern Electrics, 1914 ? )
Roy J. Meyers: British Patent # 1098 (1913) — Improvements in and Relating to Apparatus for Producing Electricity (PDF Format, requires Adobe Reader)
R. J. Meyers: British Patent # 1098 (1913) — Transcription w/ enlarged figures

Notes & Comments


R. J. Meyers: British Patent # 1098 (1913) — JPG version



Technology World Magazine
, p. 279-281 (Year unknown, apparently circa 1912; another article about Meyers appeared in the November 1912 issue of Electronic World)


“Picks Power from the Air”

by

Charlton Lawrence Edholm


A remarkable scene took place in the legislature of Arizona this spring when the lawmakers enthusiastically voted for the parole of a certain convict in the State penitentiary, granting him a leave of absence for 30 days and by means of private contributions raising a fund to defray his expenses to Washington DC and return.

The prisoner, Roy J. Meyers, is serving a 3-1/2 year sentence, but in spite of the fact that he bears the stigma of a convicted lawbreaker, he has demonstrated that a convict can be a useful member of society. During his imprisonment he perfected an electrical device of such original character as to arouse feelings of wonder and skepticism until experts had seen it in actual operation. It is a device to draw electricity from the atmosphere for light and power, and the 30-day parole was granted in order that the inventor might protect his rights through the patent office at Washington.

With the acquiescence of the legislature, Governor Hunt granted the parole and the prisoner was allowed to go free without any guard or any assurance but his word of honor that he would return. Two days before the period had elapsed, Meyer again presented himself before the governor, having accomplished his mission, and then returned to the penitentiary at Florence, where he continues to serve his sentence.

This, in brief, is the picturesque story which has called attention of the civilized world to a newly discovered electrical genius, and to another feature of the case which is of equal importance and human interest; namely, the enlightened policy pursued by our youngest State in its treatment of convicts…

Before entering the prison, Meyer had already applied for various patents, among them one for an improved trolley wheel head which prevents the trolley wheel from jumping the wire. Meyers had a conference with Superintendent Sims and Parole Clerk Sanders, and it was to these gentlemen that the inventor first explained the principles of his new device for securing electrical energy from the air. The officials were willing to give the man the opportunity to develop his plan and a little wooden building outside the walls was turned over to Meyers and was fitted up as a workshop and a laboratory. The first demonstration of the new apparatus was made shortly thereafter, the electricity drawn from the atmosphere being used to spark the gas engines of the pump house, and although the device was crude yet it did the work, and removed the doubts of his friends. Furtter development of the “absorber” followed, and his second model was constructed, and developed 8 volts. The machine came to the attention of the remarkable woman who brought his name before the legislature.

This was Miss Kate Barnard, State Commissioner of Charities and Corrections of Oklahoma, who was a guest of Mr. Sims, while studying prison conditions. She saw the machine at work, became familiar with the facts of Meyers’ case, and was impressed by his rather blunt and unaffected personality, for Meyers has nothing of the polish or glibness of the poseur. He is a simple, earnest student of mechanical problems and not the sort of man to make a sentimental appeal for sympathy because of any grace of person or manner. Therefore it was the value of Meyers’ invention, together with his essential integrity (in spite of his lapse) which so strongly impressed Miss Barnard that when she appeared before the Arizona legislature not long afterwards, addressing that body on the need of enlightened legislature along the line of her own work, she told the story of Roy Meyers and his epoch-making invention.

So, early in May, Meyers set out for Washington, unaccompanied.

In his own words: “When I arrived in Washington and laid my plans before the patent office experts, they merely smiled and told me that I would have to build a model and demonstrate my claims — that it seemed strange that I, unknown as I am in the electrical world, should have accomplished the things for which Edison, Tesla and other experts have been striving for years.

“They could grasp the meaning of my drawings nor the explanation I tried to make to them. There was little time to spare, as I had only 20 days left of my leave, but I set to work in a few days was able to take a crude model around to the patent office to make a demonstration.

“Arriving at the patent office I telephoned to a friend who had been so kind as to introduce me and aid me in reaching the proper officials. The absorber was hoisted on two short poles and made to work. While they were as yet unable to understand the principles involved and hardly willing to believe their eyes, they were forced to admit that I had something new and different, and they told me that there would be no further objection; that I might file my application without further delay.

“I hope to construct my first large machine right here in Phoenix. I feel grateful; to Governor Hunt and others for what they have done for me and to the help they have given in securing protection I might not otherwise have had, and I am desirous of demonstrating this gratitude. I am going back to Florence today to resume the serving of my sentence, which will expire in 10 months. Then, here in Phoenix, I will begin the work of making my machines.”

While there are some details of the device which the inventor refuses to make public, yet there are many general features that may be explained. It is planned that the machine, to be set up in Phoenix, will generate sufficient power to light the city, and will consist of a 200 foot tower upon which is placed the “absorber”. The latter consists of a series of magnetized steel plates set in a circle (the manner of preparing them is kept secret) and this mechanism attracts the electricity from the atmosphere. This is carried by wires to a transformer in the engine house below and thence is applied to produce either power or light after the usual manner.

In an authorized statement Meyers says: “The flow of electricity is constant. When it emerges into the transformer it is in the form of a direct current. It will absorb the electricity day and night and will work whenever the wireless will work. I can put up a plant to supply such a building as the Adams Hotel for about $1500, and one of the principal items of the expense is the cost of the towers, the wires, the magnetizing of one set of plates, which is part of the secret of the treatment which makes it respond to the accumulations of the atmosphere.

“For use in the case of an electrical storm I have made what I call a modified form of circuit breaker, such as is commonly used as a lightning arrester on telegraph lines. In case of a storm the accumulator would suddenly become overcharged, possibly, and as the electricity would not of itself flow back into the air, the result might be disastrous. So I send it down into the ground, whenever the voltage rises above a certain amount.”

Roy J. Meyers & the “Absorber”



Modern Electronics
(1914 ?)


Electricity From Air New Great Discovery

by

Dr Leonard Keene Hirshberg

Working quietly in the heart of Baltimore for weeks on an invention which some critics say will revolutionize the method of converting electricity to practical use has been Roy J. Meyers, who like Benjamin Franklin, extracts the electric current from the air.

Mr Meyers invention was made last summer while he was confined in the penitentiary at Florence, Arizona. His first finished apparatus was made in Baltimore.

A practical, unlettered electrician, Mr Meyers, while in Arizona, was arrested on a comparatively minor charge and sent to the penitentiary. There he was placed in charge of the prison electrical plant, and there he says he made his discovery that the current which the civilized world is beginning to use most extensively for light and power could be transformed from the atmosphere without the aid of moving machines or batteries.

Miss Kate Barnard, Commissioner of Charities and Corrections, of Oklahoma, hearing of Meyers’ invention and of his desire to have it patented, appeared before the Arizona Legislature to make an appeal in behalf of the young convict. As a result a special bill was passed which granted Meyers a month’s leave of absence on parole. He went unaccompanied to Washington, filed his patent applications and returned to the penitentiary. Since then he has been indefinitely paroled.

He came to Baltimore as the place where he could easily obtain the mechanical parts needed to make a more nearly perfect machine than the crude model he has fashioned in the penitentiary workshop, and is making his headquarters here while working on his invention. With him is W.E. Chenot, who has been his assistant in assembling and testing the machine and who says that he has bought Meyers’ patent rights for Germany.

They have proved beyond doubt that the invention is practical and that when finally brought to a state of perfection it will introduce a new epoch in the industrial use of electricity. By Westinghouse meters they tested the strength of the current gathered from the air, and with the use of only two of the four rectifying transformers the voltmeter recorded four and one-half volts, and the ammeter, which had the capacity of recording 75 amperes, was broken by the force of the current.

The machine itself is simple. It is in reality a transformer, which is familiar to anyone knowing anything at all about electricity in its practical uses. On a high tripod, which resembles somewhat the framework of a windmill tower, is the transformer, which Mr Meyers calls his ‘absorber’. It is made up of an iron core, wrapped with copper wire. The secret of the invention is the manner in which the disks composing this ‘absorber’ are magnetized, and this secret Meyers says he found by accident while at work in prison.

What the machine, when finally perfected, will do is yet to be seen. Its inventor claims that it will greatly reduce the cost of making electricity. No batteries of any kind are needed, he says, and not a part of the machine turns upon the other. It is as durable, apparently, as an electric light pole. One of these machines, says Meyers, when perfected may be placed on a vehicle and transform enough electricity to give motive power, be that vehicle a locomotive or an automobile. He declared it can be placed on a building to furnish electric lights or power, and that the only wear will be upon the machinery which its current runs.

Meyers is 34 years old and he gained his knowledge of electricity by working in shops along the Pacific Coast. The depths of the mysteries of electricity he has not explored, but he is certain that he has found the means of absorbing it from the air and of converting it to the use of mankind.


British (GB) Patent # 191301098

Improvements in and Relating to Apparatus for Producing Electricity.

1-14-1914

Roy Jerome Meyers

Classification: – international: H05F7/00; H05F7/00; – european: H05F7/00
Application number: GBD191301098 19130114
Priority number(s): GBT191301098 19130114
Abstract ~ Vapour apparatus, arrangements of. – A rectifier for use with apparatus for producing electricity from the earth consists of mercury- vapour lamps constructed and arranged as shown in Fig. 4. Each lamp comprises two wires 6<1>, 7<1> wound around a steel tube 15 surrounding a mercury tube 11 preferably of copper. The coil 6<1> is connected between the electrode 14 and the terminal 18, and the coil 7<1> between the terminals 19, 5. The coils 6<1>, 7<1> are preferably composed of soft iron. Reference has been directed by the Comp- troller to Specifications 16,709/87, 14,033/99, and 5457/11, [all in Class 53, Galvanic batteries], and 15,412/06.



British Patent # 1098

(January 14, 1913)

Improvements in and Relating to Apparatus for Producing Electricity

Roy Jerome Meyers

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the production of electrical currents, and the primary object in view is the production of a commercially serviceable electrical current without the employment of mechanical or chemical action. To this end the invention comprises means for producing what I believe to be dynamic electricity from the earth and its ambient elements.

I am, of course aware that it has been proposed to obtain static charges from upper strata of the atmosphere, but such charges are recognized as of widely variant potential and have thus far proved of no practical commercial value, and the present invention is distinguished from all such apparatus as has heretofore been employed for attracting static charges by the fact that this improved apparatus is not designed or employed to produce or generate irregular, fluctuating or other electrical charges which lack constancy, but on the other hand I have by actual test been able to produce from a very small apparatus at comparatively low elevation, say about 50 or 60 feet above the earth’s surface, a substantially constant current at a commercially usable voltage and amperage. This current I ascertained by repeated tests is capable of being readily increased by additions of the unit elements in the apparatus hereinafter set forth, and I am convinced from the constancy of the current obtained and its comparatively low potential that the current is dynamic and not static, although, of course, it is not impossible that certain static discharges occur and, in fact, I have found occasion to provide against the damage which might result from such discharge by the provision of lightning arresters and cut-out apparatus which assist in rendering the obtained current stable by eliminating sudden fluctuations which sometimes occur during conditions of high humidity from what I consider static discharges. The nature of my invention is obviously such that I have been unable to establish authoritatively all of the principles involved, and some of the theories herein expressed may possibly prove erroneous, but I do know and am able to demonstrate that the apparatus which I have discovered does produce, generate, or otherwise acquire a difference of potential representing a current amperage above stated, or varied therefrom at the will of the operator according to the uses which the current is to be subjected.

The invention comprises generically means for producing electrical currents of serviceable potential substantially without the employment of mechanical or chemical action, and in this connection I have been able to observe no chemical action whatever on the parts utilized although deterioration may possibly occur in some of the parts, but so far as I am able to determine such deterioration  does not add to the current supply but is merely incidental to the effect of climatic action.

The invention more specifically comprises the employment of a magnet or magnets and a co-operating element, such as zinc disposed adjacent to the magnet or magnets and connected in such manner and arranged relative to the earth so as to produce current, my observation being that current is produced only when such magnets have their poles facing substantially to the north and south and the zincs are disposed substantially along the magnets.

The invention also comprehends other details of construction, combinations and arrangements of parts as will hereinafter be fully set forth and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of an apparatus embodying the features of the present invention, the arrow accompanying the figure indicating substantially the geographical north, parts of the figure being diagrammatic for condensing the showing.

Figure 2 is a view is side elevation of the parts seen in plan in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section taken on the plane indicated by the line 3-3 of Figure 2 and looking in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Figure 4 is a detail view partly in elevation and partly in section showing the detail connections of the converter and intensifier.

Figure 5 is a transverse section taken on the planes indicated by line 5-5 of Figure 4 and looking downwardly.

Figure 6 is an enlarged detail fragmentary section illustrating the parts at the juncture of the conductors and one of the intensifiers.

Figure 7 is an enlarged detail view partly in elevation and partly in section of one of the automatic cut-outs and

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view of one of the simplest forms of embodiment of the invention.

Referring to the drawing by numerals, 1,1 indicates magnets connected by a magnetic substance 2, preferably an iron wire. The magnets 1 are arranged in pairs, one pair being spaced beneath the other, and interposed between the magnets are zinc plates 3,3 connected by an iron wire conductor 4. Suitable insulating supports 5 are arranged for sustaining the respective magnets 1 and plates 3,3. Each plate 3 is preferably bent substantially into V form, as clearly seen in Figure 1, and the V1 of one of the plates opens or faces toward the north and the V of the other plate to the South. I have determined by experimentation that it is essential that the plates 3 be disposed substantially north and south with their flat faces approximately parallel to the adjacent faces of the co-operating magnets, although by experience I have not discovered any material difference in the current obtained when the plates are disposed slightly to one side of north and south, as for instance when the plates are disposed slightly to one side of north and south, as for instance when disposed in the line of the magnetic polarity of the earth. The same is true with respect to the magnets 1, the said magnets being disposed substantially north and south for operative purposes, although I find that it is immaterial whether the north pole of one of the magnets is disposed to the north and the south pole to the south, or vice versa, and it is my conviction from experience that it is essential to have the magnets of each pair connected by magnetic material so that the magnets substantially become one with a pole exposed to the north and a pole exposed to the north. In Figure 1, I have indicated in full lines by the letters 8 and N the respective polarities of the magnets 1, and have indicated in dotted lines the other pole of those magnets when the connection 2 is severed. I have found that the magnets and zinc plates operate to produce, whether by collection or generation I am not certain, electrical currents when disposed substantially north and south, but when disposed substantially east and west no such currents are produced. I also find that the question of elevation is by no means vital, but it is true that more efficient results are obtained by placing the zincs and magnets on elevated supports. I furthermore find from tests that it is possible to obtain currents from the apparatus with the zincs and magnets disposed in a building or otherwise enclosed, although more efficient results are obtained by having the said elements arranged in the open.

While in Figures 1, 2, and 3, I have shown the magnets and the zinc plates as superimposed, it will be apparent, as hereinafter fully set forth, that these elements may be juxtaposed in horizontal planes, and substantially the same results will be secured. Furthermore, the magnets 1 with the interposed zincs 3, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 merely represent a unit which may be repeated either horizontally or vertically for increasing the current supply, and when the unit is repeated the zinc plates are arranged alternating with the magnets throughout the entire series as hereinafter indicated.

A conductor 6 is connected in multiple with the conductors 2 and a conductor 7 is connected with conductor 4, the conductor 6 extending to one terminal of a rectifier which I have indicated by the general reference character 8, and the conductor 7 extending to the other terminal of said rectifier. The rectifier as seen in diagram in Figure 1 may assume any of several well known embodiments of the electrical valve type and may consist of four asymmetric cells or Cooper-Hewitt mercury vapor lamps connected as indicated in Figure 1 for permitting communication of the positive impulses from the conductor 6 only to the line conductor 9 and the negative impulses from conductor 6 on only to the line conductor 10. The current from this rectifier may be delivered through the conductors 9 and 10 to any suitable source for consumption.

While the said rectifier 8 may consist of any of the known types, as above outlined, it preferably consists of a specially constructed rectifier which also has the capacity of intensifying the current and comprises specifically the elements shown in detail in Figures 4, 5, and 6 wherein I have disclosed the detail wiring of the rectifier when composed of four of the rectifying and intensify in elements instead of asymmetric cells or simple mercury vapor valves. As each of these structures is an exact embodiment of all the others, one only will be described, and the description will apply to all. The rectifying element of each construction consists of a mercury tube 11 which is preferably formed of glass or other suitable material, and comprises a cylinder having its end portions tapered and each terminating in an insulating plug or stopper 12. Through the upper stopper 12 is extended the electrode 13 which extends well into the tube and preferably substantially one-half the length thereof to a point adjacent the inner end of an opposing electrode 14 which latter electrode extends thence downwardly through the insulation 12 at the lower end of the tube. The tube 11 is supplied with mercury and is adapted to operate on the principle of the mercury vapor lamp, serving to rectify current by checking back impulses of one sign and permitting passage of impulses of the other. To avoid the necessity for utilizing a starter, as is common with the lamp type of electrical valve, the supply of mercury within the tube may be sufficient to contact with the lower end of the electrode 13 when current is not being supplied, so that as soon as current is passed from one electrode to the other sufficiently for volatilizing that portion of the mercury immediately adjacent the lower end of electrode 13, the structure begins its operation as a rectifier. The tube 11 is surrounded by a tube 15 which is preferably spaced from tube 11 sufficiently for allowing atmospheric or other cooling circulation to pass the tube 11. In some instances, it may be desirable to cool the tube 11 by a surrounding body of liquid, as hereinafter indicated. The tube 15 may be of insulating material but I find efficient results attained by the employment of a steel tube, and fixed to the ends of the of the tube are insulating disks 16, 16 forming a spool on which are wound twin wires 6^1 and 7^1, the wire 6^1 being connected at the inner helix of the coil with the outer end of the electrode 14, the lower portion of said electrode being extended to one side of the tube 11 and passed through an insulating sleeve 17 extending through the tube 15, and at its outer end merging into the adjacent end of the wire 6^1. The wire 7^1 extends directly from the outer portion of the spool through the several helices to a point adjacent the juncture of the electrode 14 with wire 6^1 and thence extends in mechanical parallelism with the wire throughout the coil, the wire 6^1 ending in a terminal 18 and the wire 7^1 ending in a terminal 19. For the sake of convenience of description and of tracing the circuits, each of the apparatus just above described and herein known as an intensifier and rectifier will be mentioned as A, B, C and D, respectively. Conductor 6 is formed with branches 20 and 21 and conductor 7 is formed with similar branches 22 and 23. Branch 20 from conductor 6 connects with conductor 7^1 of intensifier B and branch 21 of conductor 6 connects with the conductor 7^1 of intensifier C, while branch 22 of conductor 7 of intensifier C, while branch 22 of conductor 7 connects with conductor 7^1 of intensifier D. A conductor 27 is connected with terminal 19 of intensifier A and extends to and is connected with the terminal 18 of intensifier C, and a conductor 7 connects with conductor 7^1 of intensifier D. A conductor 27 is connected with terminal 19 of intensifier A. and extends to and is connected with terminal 18 of intensifier C, and a conductor 28 is connected with the terminal 19 of intensifier C and extends from the terminal 19 of intensifier B to the terminal 18 of intensifier D to electrode 13 of intensifier B.  Each electrode 13 is supported on a spider 13^1 resting on the upper disk 16 of the respective intensifier. Conductors 31 and 32 are connected with the terminals 18 of intensifiers A and B and are united to form the positive line wire 9 which co-operates with the negative line wire 10 and extends to any suitable point of consumption. The line wire 10 is provided with branches 35 and 36 extending to the electrodes 13 of intensifiers C and D for completing the negative side of the circuit.

Thus it will be seen that alternating currents produced in the wires 6 and 7 will be rectified and delivered in the form of a direct current through the line wires 9 and 10, and I find by experiment that the wires 6 and 7 should be of iron, preferably soft, and may of course be insulated, the other wiring not specified as iron being of copper or other suitable material.

In carrying out the operation as stated, the circuits may be traced as follows: A positive impulse starting at the zincs 3 is directed along conductor 7 to branch 23 to conductor 7^1 and the winding of the rectifier of intensifier B through said rectifier to the conductor 6^1, through the winding thereof to the contact 18, conductor 32 and to the line wire 9. The next or negative impulse directed along conductor 7 cannot find its way along branch 23 and the circuit just above traced because it cannot pass across the rectifier of intensifier B but instead the negative impulse passes along conductor 22 to conductor 7 of intensifier A and the winding thereof to the contact 19 and to conductor 27 to contact 18 of intensifier C, to the winding of the wire 6^1 thereof to the electrode 14 through the rectifier to the of the electrode 13 and conductor of intensifier A, electrode 14 thereof and conductor 6^1 to contact 18 and wire 31 to line wire 9. Obviously the positive impulse cannot pass along the wire 20 because of its inverse approach to the rectifier of intensifier B. The next impulse or negative impulse delivered to conductor 6 cannot pass along conductor 21 because of its connection with electrode 13 of the rectifier of intensifier A, but instead passes along conductor 20 to the wire 7^1 and its winding forming part of intensifier B to the contact 19 and conductor 29 to contact 18 and the winding of wire 6^1 of intensifier D to the electrode 14 and through the rectifier to the electrode 13 and conductor 35 to line wire 10. Thus the current is rectified and all positive impulses directed along one line and all negative impulses along the other lie s that the potential difference between the two lines will be maximum for the given current of the alternating circuit. It is, of course, apparent that a less number of intensifiers with their accompanying rectifier elements may be employed with a sacrifice of the impulses which are checked back from a lack of ability to pass the respective rectifier elements, and in fact I have secured efficient results by the use of a single intensifier with its rectifier elements, as hereinafter set forth.

Grounding conductors 37 and 38 are connected respectively with the conductors 6 and 7 and are provided with the ordinary lightning arresters 39 and 40 respectively for protecting the circuit against high tension static charges.

Conductors 41 and 42 are connected respectively with the conductors 6 and 7 and each connects with an automatic cutout 43 which is grounded as at 4. Each of said automatic cutouts is exactly like the other and one of the same is shown in detail in Figure 7 and comprises the inductive resistance 45 provided with an insulated binding post 46 wit which the respective conductor 6 or 7 is connected, said post also supporting a spring 48 which sustains an armature 49 adjacent to the core of the resistance 45. The helix of resistance 45 is connected preferably through the spring to the binding post at one end and at the other end is grounded on the core of the resistance, the said core being grounded by ground conductor 44 which extends to the metallic plate 52 embedded in moist carbon or other inductive material buried in the earth. Each of the conductors 41, 42 and 44 is of iron, and in this connection I wish it understood that where I state the specific substance I am able to verify the accuracy of the statement by the results of tests which I have made, but of course I wish to include along with such substances al equivalents, as for instance, where iron is mentioned its byproducts, such as steel, and its equivalents such as nickel and other magnetic substances are intended to be comprehended. The cutout apparatus seen in detail in Figure 7 is employed particularly for insuring against high tension currents, it being obvious from the structure shown that when potential rises beyond the limit established by the tension of the spring sustaining the armature 40, the armature will be moved to a position contacting with the core of the cutout device and thereby directly close the ground connection for line wire 41 with conductor 44, eliminating the resistance of winding 45 and allowing the high tension current to be discharged to the ground. Immediately upon such discharge the winding 45 losing its current will allow the core to become demagnetized and release the armature 49 whereby the ground connection is substantially broken leaving only the connection through the winding 45 the resistance of which is sufficient for insuring against loss of low tension current.

In Figure 8 I have illustrated an apparatus which though apparently primitive in construction and arrangement comprehends the first successful embodiment which I produced in the course of discovery of the present invention, and it will be observed that the essential features of the invention are therein disclosed. The structure delineated in said figure consists of horseshoe magnets 54, 55, one facing north and the other south, that is, each opening in the respective directions indicated and the two being connected by an iron wire 55 which is uninsulated and wrapped about the respective magnets each end portion of the wire 55 being extended from the respective magnets to and connected with, as by being soldered to, a zinc plate 56, there being a plate 56 for each magnet and each plate being arranged longitudinally substantially parallel with the legs of the magnet and with the faces of the plate exposed toward the respective legs of the magnet, the plate being thus arranged endwise toward the north and south. An iron wire 57 connects the plates 56, the ends of the wire being preferably connected adjacent the outer ends of the plates but from experiment I find that the wire may be connected at practically any point to the plate. Lead wires 58 and 59 are connected respectively with the wires 55 and 57 and supply an alternating current at a comparatively low tension, and to control such current the wires 58 and 59 may be extended to a rectifier or combined rectifier and intensifier, as above set forth.

The tests which I have found successful with the apparatus seen in Figure 8 were carried out by the employment first of horseshoe magnets approximately 4 inches in length, the bar comprising the horseshoe being about one inch square, the zincs being dimensioned proportionately and from this apparatus with the employment of a single intensifier and rectifier, as above stated, I was able to obtain a constant current of 8 volts.

It should be obvious that the magnets forming one of the electrodes of this apparatus may be permanent or may be electromagnets, or a combination of the two.

While the magnets mentioned throughout the above may be formed of any magnetic substance, I find the best results obtained by the employment of the nickel chrome steel.

While the successful operation of the various devices which I have constructed embodying the present invention have not enabled me to arrive definitely and positively at fixed conclusion relative to the principles and theories of operation and the source from which current is supplied, I wish it to be understood that I consider myself as the first inventor of the general type hereinbefore described capable of producing commercially serviceable electricity, for which reason my claims hereinafter appended contemplate that I may utilize a wide range of equivalents so far as concerns details of construction suggested as preferably employed.

The current which I am able to obtain is dynamic in the sense that it is not static and its production is accomplished without chemical or mechanical action either incident to the actual chemical or mechanical motion or incident to changing caloric conditions so that the elimination of necessity for the use of chemical or mechanical action is to be considered as including the elimination of the necessity for the use of heat or varying degrees thereof.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is: — [Claims not included here]


NOTES & COMMENTS

From the Article in Tech. World Mag.:

1. First demo model was powerful enough to spark a gas engine.
2. Second model developed 8 volts.
3. Demo model at Patent Office was elevated on short poles.
4. The model planned to power Phoenix AZ would be elevated 200 feet.
5. The Absorber “consists of a series of magnetized steel plates set in a circle (the manner of preparing them is kept secret)”.
6. “[T]he magnetizing of one set of plates… is part of the secret of the treatment which makes it respond to the accumulations of the atmosphere”.

From British Patent # 1098 (1913):

“I have been able… to produce from a very small apparatus at comparatively low elevation, say about 50 or 60 feet above the earth’s surface, a substantially constant current at a commercially useable voltage and amperage”.

“This current… is capable of being readily increased by additions of the unit elements in the apparatus”.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the magnet poles are connected N-S by a thick iron rod (thick compared to the lines used for wires in the drawings).

No angle is specified for the V-shaped zinc plates. The article (but not the patent) states that the plates are magnetized (obviously not zinc). Zinc-galvanized steel? Will a thin film of Zn work? Or, powdered Zn in a binder (more surface area)? Or, zinc-galvanized iron wire in a coil?

The Palmer Craig device ( http://www.rexresearch.com/craig/craig.htm ) is powered by the terrestrial magnetic field, and employs a thin film of bismuth to capture the energy as diamagnetism. Perhaps this can be integrated with Meyers’ device.

Figure 8 (the demonstration of principle) show uninsulated iron wire being used to connect the plates and magnets. The wire is wound around the Bloch wall area of the horseshoe magnets. Perhaps Coler-type windings around the poles could be used here ( See: http://www.rexresearch.com/coler/coler.htm ). Coler used copper plates as “condensers” in his device. Could copper plates be used for the Meyers device? Perhaps flat (Tesla non-inductive) coils could be integrated here.

“It is essential that the plates 3 be disposed substantially N and S with their flat faces approximately parallel to the adjacent faces of the co-operating magnets….

“I find that it is immaterial whether the N pole of one of the magnets is disposed to the N and the S pole to the S, or vice versa”.

“[T]he magnets and zinc plates… produce electrical currents when disposed… N and S, but when disposed… E and W no such currents are produced”.

“[E]levation is by no means vital, but… more efficient results are obtained by placing the zincs and magnets on elevated supports”.

“The elements may be disposed in horizontal planes [or vertically]…”.

The “zinc plate 56… [is] arranged longitudinally substantially parallel with the legs of the magnet and with the faces of the plate exposed toward the respective legs of the magnet, the plate being thus arranged endwise toward the north and south”.

The first model used “horseshoe magnets approximately 4 inches in length, the bar comprising the horseshoe being about one inch square, the zincs being dimensioned proportionately and from this apparatus with the employment of a single intensifier and rectifier, as above stated, I was able to obtain a constant current of 8 volts… [T]he magnets… may be permanent or may be electromagnets, or a combination of the two… I find the best results obtained by… nickel chrome steel”.

Comments & Questions:

The rectifier is described as a preferred embodiment, but other designs also work. The Ed Gray capacitor design comes to mind ( http://www.rexresearch.com/evgray/1gray.htm ). The Tate Ambient Power Module also might apply ( http://www.rexresearch/tate/tate.htm ).

Would non-ferrous magnets work? Is there a frequency involved (oscilloscope tests)? Coler found that ferromagnetism has a resonant frequency about 180 KHz. Can the components be made adjustable for RLC-resonance?




Your Support Maintains this Service — and Your Survival …

The Rex Research Civilization Kit

… It’s Your Best Bet & Investment in Sustainable Humanity on Earth …
Everything @ rexresearch.com, plus the Bonus Files CD ! ORDER PAGE

<< $13, Postpaid Anywhere >>

Rex Research, POB 19250, Jean, NV 89019 USA

Leave a Comment

Filed under Science/Nature

What was this ancient cult? 

What was this ancient cult?

By Flavio Barbiero

Editor’s Note: While some people may be shocked to learn that Christianity’s Jesus was not born on December 25th, historians have long known that this date was chosen because of the birthdate of another famous individual called Mithras. Not surprising then, we learn that Mithras’ birth was signalled by a shining star in the night sky and that he was born to a virgin in a cave. Before he died, Mithras had a “Last supper” and later came back from the dead. But the historical “facts” that Christianity borrowed from Mithras go much deeper. In this article, author and historian Flavio Barbiero traces the cult of Mithras through recent times and shows how the power and influence of this mysterious and secret society endures even today.

Flavio Barbiero is a retired admiral in the Italian Navy who last served with NATO. He is the author of three books, including The Bible Without Secrets, and is an archae- ological researcher at the University of Bergamo. He lives in Italy.


On 384 AD Vettius Agorius Praetextatus, the last “papa” (acronym of the words Pater Patrum = Fathers’ Father) of the so called Cult of Mithras, died in Rome. His name, and his religious and political appointments, are written on the basement of St Peters’ Basilica, together with the names of a long list of other Roman senators, spanning a period from 305 to 390. The one thing that they have in common is that they all are “patres” of Mithras.

As many as nine amongst them have the supreme title of Pater Patrum, clear evidence that it was here, inside the Vatican, that the supreme leader of the mithraic organization resided, at the side of the most sacred Basilica of Christianity, erected by Constantine the Great in 320 AD.

For at least 70 years the supreme leaders of two “religions” that were always supposed to be competitors, if not sworn enemies, lived peacefully and in perfect harmony side by side. It was the same Praetextatus, as prefect of the town, who defended Damasus against his opponents, on 367, and confirmed him as bishop of Rome.

Praetextatus often declared that he willingly had accepted to be baptized, if the see of St. Peter was offered to him. Following his death, however, the opposite happened. The title of Pater Patrum fell (today we would say by default) upon Damasus’ successor, the bishop Siricius, who was the first in the Church’s history, to assume the title of “papa” (pope). Together with it he took also upon himself a long series of other prerogatives, titles, symbols, objects and possessions, that passed en masse from Mithraism to Christianity.

It was a true handover from the Mithraic pope to the Christian one, that we can understand only in the light of what had happened the year before, in 383.

On that date, the senate almost unanimously voted for the abolition of paganism and all its symbols in Rome and throughout the Western empire. A vote that always puzzled the historians, because in their opinion the majority of the senators were pagans and represented the last stronghold of paganism against the irresistible advance of Christianity. This opinion, however, is utterly in disagreement with what, during those same years, Ambrose — the bishop of Milan –used to declare that the Christians had the “majority” in the senate. Who is right, Ambrose or modern historians?

The bishop of Milan [right] was a member of a great senatorial family and closely followed the Roman events; so it is unlikely that he could be wrong on a matter of that kind. On the other hand, we cannot give the lie to the historians, because written and archaeological evidence confirm that the majority of the Roman senators were at that time “patres” of the Sol Invictus Mithras (the Invincible Sun Mithras), and therefore, according to common opinion, definitely pagans.

What nobody seems to have understood, however, is that the two conditions, of affiliate of Mithras and of Christian, were all but compatible. There is no lack of historical evidence proving it.

The most significant of many possible examples is emperor Constantine the Great. He was an affiliate of Sol Invictus Mithras and never disowned it, not even when he openly embraced Christianity and declared himself to be “God’s servant” and a sort of “universal bishop”. His biographer Eusebius hails him as the “new Moses”, but Constantine was baptized only on his death bed, and he never stopped minting coins with mithraic symbols on one side and Christian on the opposite [above]; he even erected in Constantinople a colossal statue of himself wrapped up in mithraic symbols.

As for the Roman senators, several contemporary sources, starting from St. Jerome, affirm that most of their wives and daughters were Christian. An extant example is St. Ambrose, himself a pagan and the son of a mithraic pagan (the prefect of Gaul Ambrose), according to historians, although there is no doubt that his family was Christian and lived in a profoundly Christian environment.

Indeed, from his childhood Ambrose loved to play the part of a bishop, and in the year 353, in St. Peter’s, his sister Marcellina, still a young girl, received the veil of the consecrated virgins from Pope Liberius in person. Formally, however, he remained a pagan until he was designated bishop of Milan. He was actually baptized only fifteen days before being consecrated bishop.

The fact is that in that period, Christians destined for a public career were baptized only at the point of death, or else when, for one reason or another, they decided to embrace the ecclesiastic career. This was normal practice. The senator Nectarius, who was designated bishop of Antioch by the council of Constantinople in 381, was forced to postpone the consecration ceremony because first he had to arrange his own baptism.

After the abolition of paganism all Roman senators became Christian overnight, starting from that Symmachus who went down in History for his stern defence of “pagan” traditions in front of emperor Valentinian. A few years later, in fact, emperor Teodosius, the most fanatic persecutor of heretics and pagans, appointed him as a consul, the highest position in the Roman bureaucracy.

How is it possible, one might ask, that people could follow two different religions at the same time?

The Mithraic CultThe Mithraic Mysteries or Mysteries of Mithras (also Mithraism) was a mystery cult centered on the god Mithras, became popular among the military in the Roman Empire, from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. Information on the cult is based mainly on interpretations of the many surviving monuments. The most characteristic of these are depictions of Mithras as being born from a rock, and as sacrificing a bull. His worshippers had a complex system of seven grades of initiation, with ritual meals. They met in underground temples, which survive in large numbers. Little else is known for certain.

In every Mithraeum the centrepiece was a representation of Mithras killing a sacred bull; the so-called tauroctony.

The image may be a relief, or free-standing, and side details may be present or omitted. The centre-piece is Mithras clothed in Anatolian costume and wearing a Phrygian cap; who is kneeling on the exhausted bull, holding it by the nostrils with his left hand, and stabbing it with his right. As he does so, he looks over his shoulder towards the figure of Sol. A dog and a snake reach up towards the blood. A scorpion seizes the bull’s genitals. The two torch-bearers are on either side, dressed like Mithras, Cautes with his torch pointing up and Cautopates with his torch pointing down.

The event takes place in a cavern, into which Mithras has carried the bull, after having hunted it, ridden it and overwhelmed its strength. Sometimes the cavern is surrounded by a circle, on which the twelve signs of the zodiac appear. Outside the cavern, top left, is Sol the sun, with his flaming crown, often driving a quadriga. A ray of light often reaches down to touch Mithras. (Thanks to Wikipedia)

Cult or Religion?

This is the essential point. There is an enormous and incredible misunderstanding (that in some way might be deliberate) about the so called “cult” of the Sol Invictus Mithras, which is always presented as a “religion”, arisen in parallel with Christianity and in competition with it. Some historians go so far as to maintain that this religion was so popular and deeply rooted in Roman society that it very nearly won the race with Christianity.

Yet there is absolute evidence that the so called “cult” of Mithras, in Rome, was not a religion, but an esoteric organization, with several levels of initiation, which from the oriental religion had borrowed only the name and a few exterior symbols.

For what concerns contents, scope and operative procedures, however, the Roman Mithras had nothing in common with the Persian god.

The Roman mithraic institution can in no way be defined as a religion devoted to the worship of the Sun — no more than modern Freemasonry can be defined a religion devoted to the worship of the Great Architect of the Universe (G:.A:.O:.T:.U:.). The comparison with modern Freemasonry is quite appropriate and very helpful for understanding what kind of organization we are talking about. Actually, the two institutions are quite similar in their essential characteristic.

Freemasonry’s adepts are not requested to profess any particular creed, but only to believe in the existence of a supreme Being, however defined. This Entity is represented in all masonic temples as the Sun, inserted in a triangle, and with a name (Great Architect of the Universe) which is the same given by the Pythagoreans to the Sun [right]. In these temples ceremonies of various kind and rituals are performed that never have a religious character. Religion is explicitly banned from the masonic temples, but in his private life every adept is free to follow whatever creed he likes.

A link between the mithraic and the masonic institutions is far from improbable, as there are profound similarities in the architecture and decoration of the respective temples, symbols, rituals and so on; but it’s a theme outside the scope of this article.

The comparison has been made only with the purpose of stressing the point that mithraism was not a religion dedicated to the worship of a specific divinity, but a secret association of mutual assistance, whose members were free, in their public life, to worship whatever god they liked.

And yet all the adepts of Mithras apparently shared a common attitude towards religion. This is a well known fact. It is the same Praetextatus who exposes in an exhaustive way the philosophy of his organisation in the book “Saturnalia”, written by Macrobius around 430 A.D. (well after the abolition of paganism). In a long conversation with other great mithraic senators, like Symmachus and Flavianus, Praetextatus affirms that all the different gods of the pagan religion are only different manifestations (or even different names) of a unique supreme Entity, represented by the Sun, the Great Architect of the Universe. This syncretistic vision has been defined, with full reason, as “monotheistic paganism”.

Most historians agree that the followers of Mithras were monotheists; what they fail to underline is the fact that their particular syncretistic vision allowed them to “infiltrate” and get hold of the cult (and revenues) of all pagan divinities. In fact all mithraic grottos harboured (exactly as the masonic temples of today) a host of pagans gods like Saturn, Athena, Venus, Hercules and so on, and the adepts of Mithras in their public life were priests at the service not only of the Sun (who was worshipped in public temples which had nothing to do with the mithraic grottos), but also of all the other Roman gods.

In fact, all the senators who figure in the inscriptions at the base of St Peters’ Basilica, alongside the titles of vir clarissimus (senator), pater, or pater patrum in the cult of Sol Invictus Mithras, also held a long series of other religious positions: sacerdos, hierophanta, archibucolus of Brontes or of Hecate, Isis, and Liberius; maior augur, quindecimvir sacris faciundis and even pontifex of various pagan cults.

They were also in charge of the college of the Vestal Virgins and of the sacred fire of Vesta. In the senate, there was no manifestation of cult connected to the pagan tradition that was not celebrated by a senator adhering to the Sol Invictus Mithras. That same senator most of the time was backed by a Christian family.

Pagan or Christian

So, what were they, pagan or Christian? The available evidence on this point is ambiguous. Also the character of Mithras himself, as he is depicted by Christian writers, is absolutely ambiguous.


A long series of analogies exists between him [Mithras] and Jesus. Mithras was born on December 25 in a stable to a virgin, surrounded by shepherds who brought gifts. He was venerated on the day of the sun (Sunday). He bore a halo around his head. He celebrated a last supper with his faithful followers before returning to his father. He was said not to have died, but to have ascended to heaven from where he would return in the last days to raise the dead and judge them, sending the good to Paradise and the evil to Hell. He guaranteed his followers immortality after baptism.

Furthermore, the followers of Mithras believed in the immortality of the soul, the last judgment, and the resurrection of the dead at the end of the world. They celebrated the atoning death of a saviour who had risen on a Sunday. They celebrated a ceremony corresponding to the Catholic Mass during which they consumed consecrated bread and wine in memory of the last supper of Mithras –and during the ceremony they used hymns, bells, candles, and holy water. Indeed, they shared with Christians a long series of other beliefs and ritual practices, to the point that they were practically indistinguishable from each other in the eyes of the pagans and also of many Christians.


The existence of a connection between Christianity and the sun cult from the earliest times is recognized by the church fathers, too. Tertullian writes that the pagans “…believe that the Christian God is the Sun, because it is a well-known fact that we pray turning towards the rising Sun, and that on the Sun’s day we give ourselves to jubilation.” (Tertullian, Ad Nationes 1, 13). He attempts to justify this substantial commonality to the eyes of the Christian faithful, attributing it to Satan’s plagiarism of the most sacred rites and beliefs of the Christian religion.

Constantine believed that Jesus Christ and Sol Invictus Mithras were both aspects of the same Superior Divinity. He was certainly not the only one to have this conviction.

Neoplatonism contended that the religion of the sun represented a “bridge” between paganism and Christianity. Jesus was often called by the name Sol Justitiae (Sun of Justice) and was represented by statues that were similar to the young Apollo.

Clement of Alexandria describes Jesus driving the chariot of the sun across the sky, and a mosaic of the fourth century shows him on the chariot [right] while he ascends to heaven, represented by the sun. On some coins of the fourth century, the Christian banner at the top reads “Sol Invictus.” A large part of the Roman population believed that Christianity and the worship of the sun were closely connected, if not the same.

For a very long time the Romans kept on worshipping both the Sun and Christ. In 410, pope Innocentius authorized the resumption of ceremonies in honour of the Sun, hoping with that to save Rome from the Visigoths. And in 460 pope Leo the Great wrote: “most Christians, before entering the Basilica of St Peter, turn towards the sun and bow in its honour.”

The bishop of Troy openly continued to profess his worship of the sun even during his episcopate.

Another important example in this sense is that of Synesius of Cyrene, a disciple of the famous Neoplatonic philosopher Apathias, who was killed by the mob in Alexandria in 415. Synesius, not yet baptized, was elected bishop of Ptolemais and metropolitan bishop of Cyrenaica, but he accepted the position only on condition that he did not have to retract his Neoplatonic ideas or renounce his worship of the Sun.

Friends or Enemies?

In the light of all of this, how should we consider the position of Mithraists towards Christianity? Competitors or cooperators? Friends or enemies? Perhaps the best indication is given by the coins minted by emperor Constantine until 320 a.D., with Christian symbols on one side, mithraic symbols on the other.

Were Jesus and Mithras two faces of the same coin?

The origins of Mithraism and Christianity

In order to explain the strict relation between Christianity and Mithraism we have to go back to their origins.

Christianity, as we know it, by universal recognition is a creation of St Paul, the Pharisee who was sent to Rome around 61 AD, where he founded the first Christian community of the capital.

The religion imposed by Paul in Rome was quite different from that preached by Jesus in Palestine and put into practice by James the Just, who was subsequently the leader of the Christian community of Jerusalem. Jesus’ preaching was in line with the way of living and thinking of the sect known as the Essenes. The doctrinal contents of Christianity as it emerged in Rome, at the end of the 1st century, instead, are extraordinarily close to those of the sect of the Pharisees, to which Paul belonged.

Paul was executed probably in 67 by Nero, together with most of his followers. The Roman Christian community was virtually wiped out by Nero’s persecution. We do not have the slightest information about what happened in this community during the following 30 years; a very disturbing blackout of news, because something very important happened in Rome at that period. In fact, some of the most eminent citizens of the capital were converted, like the consul Flavius Clemens, cousin of emperor Domitian; besides the Roman Church assumed a monarchic structure and imposed its leadership on all the Christian communities of the empire, which had to adjust their structure and their doctrine accordingly. This is proved by a long letter of pope Clemens to the Corinthians, written towards the end of Domitian’s reign, where his leadership is clearly stated.

This means that during the years of the blackout, somebody who had access to the imperial house had revived the Roman Christian community to such a point that it could impose its authority upon all the other Christian communities. And it was “somebody” who perfectly knew the doctrine and thinking of Paul, 100% Pharisaic.

The mithraic organization also was born in that same period and in that same environment.

Given the scarcity of written documents on the subject, the origin and the spread of the cult of Mithras are known to us almost exclusively from archaeological evidence (remains of mithraea, dedicatory inscriptions, iconography and statues of the god, reliefs, paintings, and mosaics) that survived in large quantities throughout the Roman empire. These archaeological testimonies prove conclusively that, apart from their common name, there was no relationship at all between the Roman cult of Mithras and the oriental religion from which it is supposed to derive.

In the whole of the Persian world, in fact, there is nothing that can be compared to a Roman mithraeum. Almost all the mithraic monuments can be dated with relative precision and bear dedicatory inscriptions. As a result, the times and the circumstances of the spread of the Sol Invictus Mithras (these three names are indissolubly linked in all inscriptions, so there is no doubt that they refer to the same and only institution) are known to us with reasonable certainty. Also known are the names, professions, and responsibilities of a large number of people connected to it.

The first mithraeum [above: an example] discovered was set up in Rome at the time of Domitian, and there are precise indications that it was attended by people close to the imperial family, in particular Jewish freedmen. The mithraeum, in fact, was dedicated by a certain Titus Flavius Iginus Ephebianus, a freedman of emperor Titus Flavius, and therefore almost certainly a Romanised Jew. From Rome the mithraic organization spread, during the following century, all over the western empire.

There is a third event, that happened in that same period, connected somehow to the imperial family and to the Jewish environment, to which no particular attention was ever given by the historians: the arrival in Rome of an important group of persons, 15 Jewish high priests, with their families and relatives. They belonged to a priestly class that had ruled Jerusalem for half a millennium, since the return from the Babylonian exile, when 24 priestly lines had stipulated a covenant amongst them and created a secret organization with the scope of securing the families’ fortunes, through the exclusive ownership of the Temple and the exclusive administration of the priesthood.

The Roman domination of Judea had been marked by passionate tensions on the religious level, which had provoked a series of revolts, the last of which, in AD 66, was fatal for the Jewish nation and for the priestly family. With the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus Flavius in AD 70, the Temple, the instrument of the family’s power, was razed to the ground, never to be rebuilt, and the priests were killed by the thousands.

There were survivors, of course, in particular a group of 15 high priests, who had sided with the Romans, surrendering to Titus the treasure of the Temple, and for that reason they had kept in their properties and were given Roman citizenship. They then followed Titus to Rome, where they apparently disappeared from the stage of history, never again to play a visible role — apart from the one who undoubtedly was the leader of that group, Josephus Flavius.

Josephus [right] was a priest who belonged to the first of the 24 priestly family lines. At the time of the revolt against Rome, he had played a leading role in the events that tormented Palestine.

Sent by the Jerusalem Sanhedrin to be governor of Galilee, Jesephus had been the first to fight against the legions of the Roman general Titus Flavius Vespasianus, who had been ordered by Nero to quell the revolt. Barricaded inside the fortress of Jotapata, he bravely withstood the Roman troops’ siege. When the city finally capitulated, he surrendered, asking to be granted a personal audience with Vespasian (The Jewish War, III, 8,9).

Their meeting led to an upturn in the fortunes of Vespasian, as well as in those of Josephus: the former was shortly to become emperor in Rome, while the latter not only had his life spared, but not long afterward, he was “adopted” into the emperor’s family and assumed the name Flavius. He then received Roman citizenship, a patrician villa in Rome, a life income and an enormous estate. The prize of his treason.

The priests of this group had one thing in common: they were all traitors of their people and therefore certainly banished from the Jewish community. But they all belonged to a millenarian family line, bound together by the secret organization created by Ezra, and possessing a unique specialisation and experience in running a religion and a country through it. The scattered remnants of the Roman Christian community offered them a wonderful opportunity to profit their millennial experience.

We don’t know anything about their activity in Rome, but we have clear hints of it through the writings of Josephus Flavius.

After a few years Josephus started to write down the history of the events of which he had been a protagonist, with the aim, apparently, of justifying his betrayal and that of his companions. It was God’s will, he claims, who called him to build a Spiritual Temple, instead of the material one destroyed by Titus.

These words certainly were not addressed to Jewish ears, but to Christian ones.

Most historians are sceptical about the fact that Josephus was a Christian, and yet the evidence in his writings is compelling. In a famous passage (the so called Testimonium Flavianum) in his book Jewish Antiquities, he reveals his acceptance of two fundamental points, the resurrection of Jesus, and his identification with the Messiah of prophecies, which are necessary and sufficient condition for a Jew of that time to be considered a Christian. The Christian sympathies of Josephus also clearly emanate from other passages of the same work, where he speaks with great admiration of John the Baptist as well as of James, the brother of Jesus.

Josephus Flavius and St. Paul

The arguments used by Josephus Flavius to justify his own betrayal and that of his brethren seem to echo the words of St. Paul. The two seem to be perfectly in agreement with regard to their attitude toward the Roman world. Paul, for example, considered it his task to free the church of Jesus from the narrowness of Judaism and from the land of Judaea and to make it universal, linking it to Rome.

They are also in agreement on other significant points: for example, both of them declare their belief in the doctrines of the Pharisees, which were those that were wholly received by the Roman church.

There are sufficient historical indications to lead us to consider it certain that the two knew each other and were linked by a strong friendship. In the Acts of the Apostles, we read that after reaching Jerusalem, Paul was brought before the high priests and the Sanhedrin to be judged (Acts 22:30). He defended himself:

“Brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee: of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question.”

And when he had so said, there arose a dissension between the Pharisees and the Sadducees: and the multitude was divided. For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both. And there arose a great cry: and the scribes that were of the Pharisees’ part arose, and strove, saying, “We find no evil in this man: but if a spirit or an angel hath spoken to him, let us not fight against God.

And when there arose a great dissension, the chief captain, fearing lest Paul should have been pulled in pieces by them, commanded the soldiers to go down, and to take him by force from among them.”

Josephus was a high-ranking priest and he was in Jerusalem at that time; he certainly was present at that assembly. He had joined the sect of the Pharisees at the age of nineteen and so he must have been among those priests who stood up to defend Paul.

The apostle was then handed over to the Roman governor, Felix, who kept him under arrest for some time, until he was sent to Rome, together with some other prisoners (Acts 27:1), to be judged by the emperor, to whom, as a Roman citizen, Paul had appealed. In Rome, he spent two years in prison (Acts 28:39) before being set free in AD 63 or 64.

In his autobiography (Life, 3.13), Josephus says:

“Between the age of twenty-six and twenty-seven I embarked on a journey to Rome, for the following reason. During the period when he was governor of Judaea, Felix had sent some priests to Rome to justify themselves before the emperor; I knew them to be excellent people, who had been arrested on insignificant charges. As I desired to devise a plan to save them, . . . I journeyed to Rome.”

Somehow, Josephus succeeded in reaching Rome, where he made friends with Aliturus, a Jewish mime who was appreciated by Nero. Thanks to Aliturus, he was introduced to Poppaea, the wife of the emperor, and through her agency, he succeeded in freeing the priests (Life, 3.16).

The correspondence of dates, facts, and people involved is so perfect that it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that Josephus went to Rome, at his own personal risk and expense, specifically to free Paul and his companions, and that it was due to his intervention that the apostle was released.

This presupposes that the relationship between the two was much closer than that of a simple occasional acquaintance. Thus Josephus must have known much more about Christianity than is evident from his works, and his knowledge came directly from the teaching of Paul, of whom, in all likelihood, he was a disciple.

When Josepus returned to Rome in AD 70, his master had been executed, together with most of the Christians he had converted. His fatherland had been annihilated, the Temple destroyed, the priestly family exterminated, and his reputation tarnished by the stain of treachery. He must have been animated by very strong desires for redemption and revenge. Besides he probably felt responsible for the destinies of the humiliated remnants of one of the greatest families in the world, the 15 high priests who shared his same condition.

There is information about a meeting presided over by Josephus Flavius, unquestionably the strongest and most important character in that group of people, during the course of which the priests examined the situation of the their family and decided on a strategy to improve its fortunes. Josephus lucidly conceived a plan that in those circumstances would have appeared to anybody else to be the utmost folly. This man, sitting amid the smoking ruins of what had been his fatherland, surrounded by a few humiliated, disconsolate survivors rejected by their fellow countrymen, aspired to no less than conquering that enormous, powerful Empire that had defeated him, and establishing his descendants and those of the men around him as the ruling class of that Empire.

The first step in that strategy was taking control of the newborn Christian religion and transforming it into a solid basis of power for the priestly family.

Having come to Rome in the entourage of Titus, and thus strong in the emperor’s protection and well supplied from an economic point of view, these priests could not have encountered great problems in taking over the leadership of the tiny group of Christians who had survived Nero’s persecution, legitimated as they were by the relationship of Josephus Flavius with Paul.

Only six years had passed since he sought Paul’s freedom from Roman imprisonment. The apostle of the nations must have died at least three years before. Josephus must have felt a moral obligation to continue the deeds of his ancient master whose doctrine he knew perfectly, and, sensing its potential for propagation in the Roman world, he dedicated himself and his organization of priests to its practical implementation. Once he had created a strong Christian community in the capital, it could not have been difficult for the priests also to impose its authority on the other Christian communities scattered around the Empire—first of all, on those that had been created or catechized by Paul himself.

Josephus Flavius and the Sol Invictus Mithras

Josephus Flavius knew all too well that no religion has a future unless it is an integral part of a system of political power. It was a concept innate in the DNA, so to speak, of the priests of Judah that religion and political power should live together in symbiosis, mutually sustaining each other. It is unimaginable that he could think that the new religion would spread throughout the Empire independently, or even in contrast to political power.

His first aim was, therefore, seizing power. Thanks not only to the millennial experience of his family, but also to his own experience of life, Josephus knew all too well that political power, especially in an elephantine organism such as the Roman Empire, was based on military power, and military power was based on economic power, and economic power on the ability to influence and control the financial leverage of the country. His plan must have envisaged that the priestly family would sooner or later take control of these levers. Then the Empire would be in his hands, and the new religion would be the main instrument to maintain control of it.

What was Josephus’ plan to achieve this ambitious project? He didn’t have to invent anything; the model was there: the secret organization created by Ezra a few centuries earlier, which had assured power and prosperity to the priestly families for half a millennium. He only had to make a few changes, in order to disguise this institution in the pagan world as a mystery religion, dedicated to the Greek god Helios, the Sun, for his undoubted assonance with the Jewish god El Elyon. He was represented as invincible, the Sol Invictus, to spur the morale of his adepts, and at his side was put, as an inseparable companion, a solar divinity of that same Mesopotamia from where the Jews had originated, Mithras, the Sun’s envoy on Earth to redeem humanity; and all around them, in the mithraea, the statues of various divinities, Athena, Hercules, Venus and so on. A clear reference to God Father, and his envoy on earth Jesus, surrounded by their attributes of wisdom, strength, beauty and so on, that was well understood by the Christians, but was perfectly pagan to a pagan’s eye.

This organization didn’t have any religious purpose: his scope was to preserve union between the priestly families and assure their security and wealth, through mutual support and a common strategy, aimed at infiltrating all the positions of power in the Roman society.

It was secret. In spite of the fact that it lasted for three centuries and it had thousands of members, most of them very cultured men, there isn’t a single word written by a member about what was going on during the meetings of the mithraic institution, what decisions were taken and so on. This means that absolute secrecy was always maintained about the works that were held in a mithraeum.

The access was evidently reserved for the descendants of priestly families, at least at the operative level, from the third grade up (occasionally people of different origin could be accepted in the first two grades, as in the case of emperor Commodus). This system of recruitment is perfectly in line with the historical and archaeological evidence.

Even at the peak of its power and diffusion, the Sol Invictus Mithras appears to be an elitist institution, with a very limited number of members. Most mithraea were very small in size and could not harbour more than 20 people. It was definitely not a mass religion, but an organisation to which only the top leaders of the army and of the imperial bureaucracy were admitted. Yet, we don’t know anything about the enlisting policy of the Sol Invictus Mithras.

Did it recruit its members amongst the high ranks of Roman society, or was opposite true — that it was the members of this organization who “infiltrated” all the positions of power of that society? Historical evidence favours the hypothesis that membership in the institution was reserved on a ethnic basis. Access to it, at least at the operative level, was most likely reserved for descendants of the group of the Jewish priests who came to Rome after the destruction of Jerusalem.

The Sol Invictus Mithras conquers the Roman empire

Written sources and the archaeological testimonies give evidence that from Domitian on Rome always remained the most important centre of the Sol Invictus Mithras institution, which had become firmly entrenched at the very heart of the imperial administration, both in the palace and among the Praetorian Guard.

From Rome very soon the organization spread to the nearby Ostia, the port with the greatest volume of trading in the world, as goods and foodstuffs from every part of the Empire arrived to delight the insatiable appetite of the capital. In the course of the second and third centuries, almost forty mithraea were built there, clear evidence that the members of the institution had taken control of trading activities, source of incomparable incomes and economic power.

Subsequently, it spread to the rest of the Empire. The first Mithraea to arise outside the Roman circle were built, shortly before AD 110, in Pannonia, at Poetovium, the main customs centre of the region, then in the military garrison of Carnuntum, and soon after in all the Danubian provinces (Rhaetia, Noricum, Pannonia, Mesia, and Dacia).

The followers of the cult of Mithras included the customs officers, who collected a tax on every kind of transport dispatched from Italy toward central Europe and vice versa; the imperial functionaries who controlled transport, the post, the administration of finance and mines; and last, the military troops of the garrisons scattered along the border. Almost in the same period as in the Danubian region, the cult of Mithras started to appear in the basin of the Rhine, at Bonn and Treves. This was followed by Britannia, Spain, and North Africa, where mithraea appeared in the early decades of the second century, always associated with administrative centres and military garrisons.

Archaeological evidence, therefore, conclusively demonstrates that throughout the second century AD, the members of Sol Invictus Mithras occupied the main positions in the public administration, becoming the dominant class in the outlying provinces of the Empire — especially in central and northern Europe. We have seen that the members of Sol Invictus Mithras had infiltrated also the pagan religion, taking control of the cult of the main divinities, starting with the Sun.

The winning move, however, which made irresistible the success of the Mithraic institution, was that of seizing control of the army. Josephus Flavius knew, from direct experience, that the army could become the arbiter of the imperial throne. Whoever controlled the army controlled the Empire. The main aim fixed by him for the Mithraic organization, therefore, must have been infiltrating the army and taking control of it.

Soon, mithraea sprang up in all the places where Roman garrisons were stationed. Within a century, the cult of Mithras, had succeeded in controlling all the Roman legions stationed in the provinces and along the borders, at a point that the worship of Sol Invictus Mithras is often considered by historians to be the “religion” typical of Roman soldiers.

Even before the army, however, the attention of Sol Invictus had been concentrated on the Praetorian Guard, the emperor’s personal guard. It is not by chance that the second known dedicatory inscription of a Mithraic character regards a commander of the Praetorium, and that the concentration of mithraea was particularly high in the area surrounding the Praetorian barracks. The infiltration of this body must have started under the Flavian emperors. They could count on the unconditional loyalty of many Jewish freedmen who owed them everything — their lives, their safety, and their well-being. The Roman emperors were somewhat reluctant to entrust their personal safety to officers who came from the ranks of the Roman senate, their main political adversary, and so the ranks of their personal guard were mainly filled with freedmen and members of the equestrian class. This must have favoured the Sol Invictus, which made the Praetorium its unchallenged fief from the beginning of the second century on.

Once it achieved control of the Praetorium and the army, the Sol Invictus Mithras was able to put its hands also on the imperial office. This actually happened on 193 a.D., when Septimius Severus was proclaimed emperor by the army. Born in Leptis Magna, in North Africa, to an equestrian family of high-ranking bureaucrats, he was certainly an affiliate of the Mithraic organization, having married Julia Domna, sister of Bassianus, a high priest of Sol Invictus. From then on, the imperial office was prerogative of the Sol Invictus Mithras, as all emperors were proclaimed and/or removed by the army or by the praetorian guard.

As far as we can judge with hindsight, the final objective of the strategy devised by Josephus Flavius was the complete substitution of the ruling class of the Roman Empire with members of Sol Invictus Mithras. This result was achieved in less than two centuries, thanks to the policy enforced by the Mitharaic emperors.

The backbone of the Roman imperial administration was formed by new families of unknown origin, that had emerged at the end of the first century and the beginning of the second, in antagonism to the senatorial aristocracy, traditionally opposed to the imperial power. They formed the so called “equestrian” order which soon became the undisputed fiefdom of the Sol Invictus Mithras. For sure most of the families of the 15 Jewish priests of Josephus Flavius’ entourage, rich, well connected and enjoying the imperial favour, ended up belonging to this order.

The Sol Invictus emperors all belonged to the equestrian order and governed in open opposition to the senate, humiliating it, depriving it of its prerogatives and wealth, and striking it physically with the exile and execution of a great number of its high-profile members. At the same time they started introducing equestrian families into the senate. This policy had been initiated by Septimius Severus and developed by Gallienus (who, we must remember, was also the author of the first Edict of Tolerance toward Christianity) who established by decree that all those who had held the position of provincial governors or prefects of the Praetorian Guard, both appointments reserved for the equestrian order, would enter by right into the senatorial ranks.

This right was later extended to other categories of functionary, great bureaucrats and high-ranking army officers (all members of the mithraic institution). As a result, within a few decades, virtually the whole equestrian class passed into the ranks of the senate, outnumbering the families of the original Italic and Roman aristocracy.

In the meantime the spread of Christianity throughout the empire proceeded at a steady pace. Wherever the representatives of Mithras arrived, there a Christian community immediately sprang up. By the end of the second century, there were already at least four bishop’s sees in Britannia, sixteen in Gaul, sixteen in Spain, and one in practically every big city in North Africa and the Middle East. In 261 Christianity was recognized as lawful religion by the mithraic Gallienus and was proclaimed the official religion of the empire by the mithraic Constantine at the beginning of the fourth century, although it was still in a minority in Roman society. It was then gradually enforced upon the population of the empire, with a series of measures that culminated at the end of the fourth century with the abolition of the pagan religions and the mass “conversion” of the Roman senate.

The final situation regarding the ruling class of the Western Empire was the following: the ancient nobility of pagan origin had virtually disappeared and the new great nobility, that identified itself with the senatorial class of the landowners, was made up by former members of the Sol Invictus Mitras. On the religious level, paganism had been eliminated and Christianity had become the religion of all the inhabitants of the Empire; it was controlled by ecclesiastical hierarchies, coming entirely from the senatorial class, endowed with immense landed properties and quasi-royal powers within their sees.

The priestly families had become the absolute master of that same Empire that had destroyed Israel and the Temple of Jerusalem. All its high offices, both civil and religious, and all its wealth were in their hands, and supreme power had been entrusted in perpetuity, by divine right, to the most illustrious of the priestly tribes, the “Gens Flavia” (starting from Constantine all Roman emperors bore the name of Flavius), in all likelihood descendants of Josephus Flavius. Three centuries earlier, Josephus had written with pride: “My family is not obscure, on the contrary, it is of priestly descent: as in all peoples there is a different foundation of the nobility, so with us the excellence of the line is confirmed by its belonging to the priestly order” (Life 1.1). By the end of the fourth century his descendants had every right to apply those same words to the Roman Empire.

At that point the institution of the Sol Invictus Mithras was no more necessary to boost the fortunes of the priestly family and it was disposed of. It had been the instrument of the most successful conspiracy in History.

 

http://www.viewzone.com/mithras.html

Leave a Comment

May 15, 2013 · 11:14 am

Syrian Rebel Bites Heart of Dead Syrian Soldier

Leave a Comment

May 15, 2013 · 10:38 am